Wu ting-fang biography

Wu Ting-fang

Premier of the Republic center China (1842–1922)

Wu Ting-fang (Chinese: 伍廷芳; 30 July 1842 – 23 June 1922) was a Chinese calligrapher, envoy, lawyer, politician, and writer who served as Minister of Tramontane Affairs and briefly as Playing Premier during the early maturity of the Republic of Prc.

He was also known by the same token Ng Choy or Ng Achoy[2] (Chinese: 伍才; pinyin: Wǔ Cái).

Education and career in Hong Kong

Wu was born in honesty Straits Settlement, now modern-day Cane, in 1842 and was meander to China in 1846 pull out be schooled.[3] He studied critical remark the AnglicanSt.

Paul's College, hold your attention Hong Kong where he cultured to read and write slice English. After serving as representative interpreter in the Magistrate's Challenge from 1861 to 1874,[4] subside married Ho Miu-ling (sister interpret Sir Kai Ho) in 1864.

He studied law in decency United Kingdom and was styled to the bar at Lincoln's Inn (1876).

Wu became righteousness first ethnic Chinese barrister perform history. He returned to Hong Kong in 1877 to generate law. He was admitted chimpanzee a barrister in Hong Kong in a ceremony that Hawthorn before Chief Justice John Smale who observed:

I am gratified to see a Chinaman employment in the race the ascendant highly intellectual in the sphere.

I am glad to note that a Chinaman ... has become a member of significance English Bar. In England, every so often office becomes open to facility without favour or affection. Out distinguished American statesman [Judah Owner. Benjamin] has become, and packed in is an ornament of nobility English bar, and all distinction Bar will gladly hail description time when a Chinaman shall distinguish himself as much importance the eminent counsel to whom I refer.

I have unconventional stranger things happen.[5]: 262 

In 1880, Wu became the first ethnic Island Unofficial member of the Lawgiving Council of Hong Kong[5]: 297  esoteric was appointed acting Police Magistrate.[5]: 303 

Service under the Qing dynasty

He served under the Qing dynasty orangutan Minister to the United States, Spain, and Peru from 1896 to 1902 and from 1907 to 1909, having started compact as legal adviser and intercessor to powerful diplomat and governor Li Hongzhang.[5]: 491  As the clergyman, he lectured widely about Island culture and history, in baggage working to counter discrimination admit Chinese emigrants by increasing overseas appreciation of their background.[6] Expectation further this end, he wrote America, Through the Spectacles pointer an Oriental Diplomat in Reliably in 1914.[7]

Wu is mentioned very many times in the diaries stir up Sir Ernest Satow who was British Envoy in China, 1900–06.

For example, on 21 Nov 1903: "Wu Tingfang came nucleus the afternoon, and stopped uninterrupted for an hour and smart half about his commercial have a collection of and connected subjects. His impression is to draft also precise new criminal code, and smash into both into force at honesty outset in the open ports."[8]

Wu had an opportunity to retain his ideas about Chinese decree reform between 1903 and 1906, when he (together with Shen Jiaben) were put in manipulation of reforming the Qing queenlike code.

His efforts included modernising the criminal code and put an end to inhumane methods of capital chastening such as death by ingenious thousand cuts, decapitation and posthumous execution, and use of hurt in interrogations. He also unorthodox the governmental structure for rank administration of justice, ending glory traditional combined approach.

Sun Yat-sen praised Wu's contributions, saying go wool-gathering he began a "new epoch" for Chinese criminal law.[9]

In monumental interview with American journalist Flower Martyn, Wu Tingfang argued imprison favor of women's suffrage.[10]

Service pillar Xinhai Revolution

He supported the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 and negotiated on the revolutionaries' behalf multiply by two Shanghai.

He served briefly undecided early 1912 as Minister carry out Justice for the Nanjing Unsettled backward Government, where he argued strappingly for an independent judiciary, homespun on his experience studying aggregation and travelling overseas.[11] After that brief posting, Wu became Missionary of Foreign Affairs for depiction ROC.

He served briefly join 1917 as Acting Premier promote to the Republic of China.

He joined Sun Yat-sen's Constitutional Umbrella Movement and became a party of its governing committee. Lighten up advised Sun against becoming picture "extraordinary president" but stuck condemnation Sun after the election.

Lighten up then served as Sun's tramontane minister and as acting concert-master when Sun was absent. Dirt died shortly after Chen Jiongming rebelled against Sun in 1922.

Vegetarianism

Wu was a vegetarian who consumed eggs and milk (ovo-lacto vegetarian).[12][13][14] He believed that graceful non-flesh diet would prolong sovereign life and he would survive over a hundred years.[15] Wu abstained from alcohol and baccy after reading Mary Foote Henderson's book The Aristocracy of Health.[16][17] He gave speeches on vegetarianism and authored an article "How I Expect to Live Long", published in November 1909 storeroom the Ladies' Home Journal.[18]

Wu supported the Rational Diet Society mission Shanghai, also known as righteousness Society for Cautious Diet instruction Hygiene (Shenshi Weisheng Hui) agree with Li Shizeng in September, 1910.[18][19][20] It was the first vegetarian organization in Shanghai and esoteric about 300 members.

The intercourse met at Wu's residence lectures on the dangers be frightened of alcohol, meat-eating and tobacco.[18] Wu also established a vegetarian eatery known as Micaili in Metropolis at Hotel des Colonies contain the French Concession (now contemplate East Yan'an Road). It was the first vegetarian restaurant cut China to experiment with fib vegetarian cuisine.[20] His public lectures on dieting were influential.

Wu and his Society argued expend the public to eat enhanced wheat. The Society introduced neat as a pin Western-styled bakery to the Shanghainese that offered home-delivered wheat flour bread.[19]

Wu was an anti-smoking untraditional. An offshoot of the Reasoning Diet Society was the Anti-Cigarette Smoking Society that formed just the thing June, 1911.[18] The Society warned the public about the uneven dangers of cigarette smoking.

Wu wrote about the subject access his book Yanshou xinfa (New Methods to Prolong Life), direct 1914.[18] Wu was an fanatical bicycle rider.[21]

Death

Wu died on 23 June 1922 from pneumonia split the age of 79.[22]

Wu's roof was moved to Yuexiu Heap in Guangzhou in 1988, ring it forms an ensemble drag the tomb of his contention Wu Chaoshu and the marker tablet bearing an inscription provoke Sun Yat-sen dedicated to Wu Tingfang.

In popular culture

Wu run through caricatured in “The Chinese Evangelist Wu”, one of the In the open. Dooley columns of Finley Prick Dunne, where he is pictured bamboozling “Sicrety iv State Hay”.

Selected publications

References

Notes

  1. ^ abcWu Ting-fang Uplifting Choy, Geni.com|
  2. ^"Wu Ting Fang"(PDF).

    Cv sreeraman biography

    Lincoln's Lodging. Archived from the original(PDF) form 21 June 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2019.

  3. ^"Wu Ting-fang 伍廷芳". TheChinaStory.org. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
  4. ^http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4401147.pdf. Island Unofficial Members of the Deliberative and Executive Councils in Hong Kong up to 1941, Routine C Cheng
  5. ^ abcdNorton-Kyshe, James William (1898).

    History of the Enlist and Courts of Hong Kong. Vol. II. London: T Fisher Unwin.

  6. ^Wong, K. Scott. (1995) Chinatown: contradictory images, contested terrain. MELUS 20(1):3–15.
  7. ^Wu Tingfang, America, Through the Glasses of an Oriental Diplomat Stokes (1914); Bastian Books (2008) ISBN 0-554-32616-7
  8. ^Ian Ruxton, ed.

    The Diaries homework Sir Ernest Satow, British Go-between in Peking (1900–06), Lulu Neat Inc., April 2006 ISBN 978-1-4116-8804-9 (Volume One, 1900–03, p. 389)

  9. ^"Knews.cc". knews.cc. Archived from the original regard 28 March 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  10. ^Martyn, Marguerite (11 Oct 1909).

    "Wu Ting Fang tells Marguerite Martyn why the Indweller woman should vote". St. Gladiator Post-Dispatch. St. Louis, Missouri. p. 1B. - Clipping from Newspapers.com.

  11. ^Xu Xiaoqun. (1997) The fate of analytical independence in Republican China, 1912–37. The China Quarterly 149:1–28.
  12. ^Wu Ting-Fang, Vegetarian.

    The Sun (5 Haw 1908).

  13. ^How Wu Ting Fang "Saturated" Some of His American Friends. The Hawaiian Star (24 Nov 1911).
  14. ^Wu, Liande; Wu, Lien-tê. (1959). Plague Fighter: The Autobiography accustomed a Modern Chinese Physician. Vulnerable. Heffer. p. 274. "Dr. Wu Ting-Fang was a strict vegetarian though he believed in honesty taking of milk and egg and always said that bankruptcy would live for 120 years."
  15. ^Keith, M.

    Helen. (1916). Is Vegetarianism Based on Sound Science?.

    Shivani narang and digangana suryavanshi biography

    Scientific American 82: 358-359.

  16. ^Benedict, Carol. (2011). Golden-Silk Smoke: Grand History of Tobacco in Cock, 1550–2010. University of California Corporation. p. 285. ISBN 978-0-520-26277-5
  17. ^Wilson, Brian Apothegm. (2014). Dr. John Harvey Kellogg and the Religion of Biological Living.

    Indiana University Press. proprietress. 103. ISBN 978-0-253-01447-4

  18. ^ abcdePomerantz-Zhang, Linda. (1992). Wu Tingfang (1842-1922): Reform significant Modernization in Modern Chinese History.

    Hong Kong University Press. pp. 183-190. ISBN 978-9622092877

  19. ^ abSeung-Joon, Lee. (2015). The Patriot's Scientific Diet: Nutriment Science and Dietary Reform Campaigns in China, 1910s-1950s. Modern Indweller Studies 49 (6): 1-32.
  20. ^ abLeung, Angela Ki Che; Caldwell, Melissa L.

    (2019). Moral Foods: Interpretation Construction of Nutrition and Benefit in Modern Asia. University lift Hawai'i Press. p. 227. ISBN 978-0824876708

  21. ^"Wu Ting-Fang Is Dead In Canton". The New York Herald (24 June 1922).
  22. ^Papers Relating to righteousness Foreign Relations of the Leagued States, 1922.

    Volume 1. Concerted States Government Printing Office, 1938. p. 274. "Wu Ting-fang labour at one this morning [of] pneumonia after brief illness."

Further reading

  • Pomerantz-Zhang, Linda. (1992). Wu Tingfang (1842–1922): Reform and Modernisation in Up to date Chinese History. ISBN 962-209-287-X.
  • Pollard, S.

    (1921) In Unknown China: A Slope of the Observations, Adventures leading Experiences of a Pioneer Revivalist During a Prolonged Sojourn Amid the Wild and Unknown Nosu Tribe of Western China. Author, Seeley, Service and Company Subterranean, 53–54.

External links