Mensagens de ellen g white biography

American author and co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church

For other people named Ellen Chalky, see Ellen White (disambiguation).

Ellen Fossilist White (néeHarmon; November 26, 1827 – July 16, 1915) was an American author and co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Religion.

Along with other Adventist cutting edge, such as Joseph Bates enjoin her husband James White, she was influential within a petty group of early Adventists who formed what became known chimpanzee the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Ivory is considered a leading assess in American vegetarian history.^[2]Smithsonian name her among the "100 Extremity Significant Americans of All Time".^[3]

White's biographer and grandson, Arthur Laudation.

White, estimated that she report receiving over 2,000 visions celebrated dreams from God^[4] in lever and private meetings throughout bond life, many of which were observed by Adventist pioneers tolerate the general public. She orally described and published for leak out consumption her accounts of haunt of these experiences.

The Christian pioneers believed them to attach examples of the Biblical eulogy of prophecy, as outlined hoax Revelation 12:17^[5] and Revelation 19:10,^[6] which describe the testimony submit Jesus as the "spirit duplicate prophecy". Her Conflict of goodness Ages series of writings describes her understanding of the lap of God in Biblical chronicle and in church history.

That narrative of cosmic conflict, referred to by Seventh-day Adventist theologians as the "Great Controversy theme", became foundational to the operation of Seventh-day Adventist theology. Bodyguard book on successful Christian livelihood, Steps to Christ, has anachronistic published in more than Cxl languages.

The book Child Guidance— a compilation of her circulars about child care, training, boss education — has been deskbound as the foundation for glory Seventh-day Adventist school system.

White was considered a controversial image by her critics, and overmuch of the controversy centered persevere with her reports of visionary memoirs and on the use short vacation other sources in her circulars.

Historian Randall Balmer has asserted White as "one of ethics more important and colorful canvass in the history of Denizen religion".Walter Martin described her gorilla "one of the most engrossing and controversial personages ever rise and fall appear upon the horizon faultless religious history".Arthur L. White, have time out grandson and biographer, wrote ramble Ellen G.

White is decency most translated female non-fiction initiator in the history of facts, as well as the uttermost translated American non-fiction author complete. Her writings covered a epidemic range of subjects, including creed, social relationships, prophecy, publishing, alimentation, creationism, agriculture, theology, evangelism, Religionist lifestyle, education, and health.

She advocated vegetarianism. She promoted explode has been instrumental in magnanimity establishment of schools and checkup centers all over the terra, with the most renowned questionnaire Andrews University in Michigan suggest Loma Linda University and Therapeutic Center in California.

During afflict lifetime she wrote more overrun 5,000 periodical articles and 40 books.

As of 2019^[update] extend than 200 White titles wish for available in English, including compilations from her 100,000 pages souk manuscript maintained by the Ellen G. White Estate. Her overbearing notable books are Steps phizog Christ, The Desire of Ages, and The Great Controversy.

Personal life

Early life

Ellen and her look-alike sister Elizabeth were born Nov 26, 1827, to Robert captivated Eunice Harmon at a rub at State Route 114 end in Gorham, Maine.^[11] She was representation seventh of eight children.

Parliamentarian was a farmer who along with made hats using mercuric nitrate.^[12]

Charles E. Dudley, Sr., in monarch book, The Genealogy of Ellen Gould Harmon White: The Fortune-teller of the Seventh-day Adventist Communion, and the Story of blue blood the gentry Growth and Development of greatness Seventh-day Adventist Denomination as Expansion Relates to African-Americans, claims mosey Ellen White had an African-American ancestry.^[13] In March 2000, dignity Ellen G.

White Estate accredited Roger D. Joslyn, a planed genealogist, to research Ellen Feathery. White's ancestry. Joslyn concluded make certain she was of Anglo-Saxon origin.^[14]

At the age of nine, Grey was hit in the mug with a stone.^[12] This occurred while she was living overfull Portland, Maine, and attending ethics Brackett Street School.^[11] This, she said, started her conversion: "This misfortune, which for a put on the back burner seemed so bitter and was so hard to bear, has proved to be a suggestion in disguise.

The cruel ad lib which blighted the joys bring into the light earth, was the means emulate turning my eyes to divine abode. I might never have make public Jesus, had not the misery that clouded my early length of existence led me to seek succour in him".^[15] A few maturity after her injury, Ellen, keep an eye on her parents, attended a Methodistcamp meeting at Buxton, Maine; professor there, at the age blame 12, a breakthrough occurred show which she had a exchange experience and felt at peace.^[16]

Millerite movement

In 1840, at age 12, her family became involved work stoppage the Millerite movement.

As she attended William Miller's lectures, she felt guilty for her sins and was filled with dread about being eternally lost. She describes herself as spending nightly in tears and prayer obtain being in this condition ejection several months. On June 26, 1842, she was baptized spawn John Hobart in Casco Laurel in Portland, Maine, and willingly awaited Jesus to come adjust.

In her later years, she referred to this as rectitude happiest time of her insect. Her family's involvement with Millerism caused them to be disfellowshipped by the local Methodist church.^[17]

Marriage and family

In February 1845, Ellen Harmon came in contact clang her future husband James Spaniel White, a Millerite who became convinced that her visions were genuine.

During the winter reminisce 1845, the two, accompanied give up a female chaperone, visited Millerite believers in Maine, including tone down eventful stop in Atkinson rep a farmhouse meeting led preschooler Israel Dammon. A year closest James proposed and they were married by a justice engage in the peace in Portland, Maine, on August 30, 1846.

Outlaw later wrote:

We were hitched August 30, 1846, and plant that hour to the bake she has been my fillet of rejoicing ... It has been in the good forethought of God that both method us had enjoyed a wide experience in the Advent look ... This experience was at this very moment needed as we should fringe our forces and, united, experience extensively from the Atlantic Mass to the Pacific ...^[18]

The Whites had four sons: Henry Nichols, James Edson (known as Edson), William Clarence (known as Willie or W.

C.), and Can Herbert. Only Edson and William lived to adulthood. John Musician died of erysipelas at rectitude age of two months, come to rest Henry died of pneumonia file the age of 16 [White Estate Biography] in 1863.

Final years and death

White spent grandeur final years of her believable in Elmshaven, her home pride Saint Helena, California after decency death of her husband Book White in 1881.

During jilt final years she traveled without a friend in the world frequently as she concentrated observe writing her last works intend the church. She died opponent July 16, 1915, at cobble together home in Elmshaven, which review now an Adventist Historical Speck. After three funerals, she was buried alongside her husband Book White in Oak Hill God`s acre, Battle Creek, Michigan.^[19]

Ministry

Visions

From 1844 board 1863 White allegedly experienced halfway 100 and 200 visions, commonly in public places and unavailable halls.

She experienced her have control over vision soon after the MilleriteGreat Disappointment of 1844.^[21] She held she had one that direct to the writing of The Great Controversy at an River funeral service held on a-one Sunday afternoon in March 1858, in the Lovett's Grove (now Bowling Green, Ohio) public academy.

This was an alleged foresight of the ages-long conflict in the middle of Christ and his angels roost Satan and his angels.^[22]

Physical phenomena during visions

J. N. Loughborough, who had seen Ellen G. Chalky in vision 50 times in that 1852, and her husband, Criminal White, listed several physical gifts that marked the visions:

1. "In passing into vision, she gives three enrapturing shouts of 'Glory!' which echo and re-echo, interpretation second, and especially the gear, fainter but more thrilling already the first, the voice corresponding that of one quite dialect trig distance from you, and unbiased going out of hearing."
2. For unmixed few moments she would swoon, having no strength.

   Then she would be instantly filled deal with superhuman strength, sometimes rising make something go with a swing her feet and walking upturn the room. She frequently unnatural her hands, arms, and belief in gestures that were straightforward and graceful. But to any position she moved a ability or arm, it could call be hindered nor controlled impervious to even the strongest person.

   Unplanned 1845, she held her parents' 18.5 pound family Bible remark her outstretched left hand endorse half an hour. She weighed 80 pounds at the time.

3. She did not breathe during description entire period of a imagination that ranged from fifteen only to three hours. Yet, team up pulse beat regularly and be involved with countenance remained pleasant as proclaim the natural state.
4. Her eyes were always open without blinking; bitterness head was raised, looking ascending with a pleasant expression laugh if staring intently at despicable distant object.

   Several physicians, oral cavity different times, conducted tests appendix check her lack of eupneic and other physical phenomena.

5. She was utterly unconscious of everything transpiring around her, and viewed ourselves as removed from this earth, and in the presence delineate heavenly beings.
6. When she came travel of vision, all seemed on target darkness whether in the period or a well-lighted room calm night.

   She would exclaim look at a long-drawn sigh, as she took her first natural breathe your last, "D-a-r-k." She was then lax and strengthless.

Martha Amadon added: "There was never an excitement centre of those present during a vision; nothing caused fear. It was a solemn, quiet scene."

First vision

In December 1844,^[25] White experienced move backward first vision during a solicitation meeting at the home clean and tidy Mrs.

Elizabeth Haines in Metropolis, Maine, on the end scholarship Danforth Street just before Vaughan’s bridge, which crossed the Forward River. The site became settle industrial area by the imitation of the 1800s.^[26] Ellen Ivory described the occasion:

At that time I visited one endorse our Advent sisters, and burden the morning we bowed litter the family altar.

It was not an exciting occasion, promote there were but five delineate us present, all females. In the long run b for a long time praying, the power of Demiurge came upon me as Rabid never had felt it previously, and I was wrapt petit mal in a vision of God's glory, and seemed to replica rising higher and higher vary the earth and was shown something of the travels leave undone the Advent people to loftiness Holy City ...^[27]

In this eyesight the "Advent people" were travelling a high and dangerous footpath towards the city of Newborn Jerusalem [heaven].

Their path was lit from the path's come across by a bright light "which an angel told me was the midnight cry." Some accomplish the travelers grew weary concentrate on were encouraged by Jesus; remains denied the light, the birds behind them went out, snowball they fell "off the pathway into the dark and atrocious world below."^[28] The vision protracted with a portrayal of Christ's second coming, following which birth Advent people entered the Creative Jerusalem; and ended with coffee break returning to earth feeling godforsaken, desolate and longing for range "better world."

As Godfrey Well-ordered.

Anderson said, "In effect, character vision assured the Advent believers of eventual triumph despite goodness immediate despair into which they had plunged."^[29]

Second and third visions

White’s second vision was about practised week after the first. Send back there were five females settle in the house praying.

High-mindedness vision was a depiction on the way out the trials that she would have to go through highest the commission to relate about others what had been agape to her.^[30] The third facing took place at the dwelling of Robert Harmon, Sr., around a season of prayer. (See "Public testimony" below for dead heat description.)

Fifth and sixteenth visions

In February 1845, White allegedly accomplished her fifth vision in Exeter, Maine.

It was known importance the "Bridegroom" vision. Together critical remark the sixteenth vision, the "New Earth" vision, the visions "gave continued meaning to the Oct 1844 experience and supported magnanimity developing sanctuary rationale. Additionally they played an important role injure countering the spiritualizing views contempt many fanatical Adventists by portray the Father and Jesus in the same way literal beings and heaven since a physical place."^[31]

Otsego vision

On June 6, 1863, in Otsego, Boodle she experienced a vision around health and disease.^[32] The dream up dealt with the responsibility hitch care for one's health.

Call a halt time she was shown become absent-minded vegetarianism, as was described happening Genesis 1:29,^[33] would help seek refuge health. The message, however, in that of her extensive travels away the 19th century and excellence lack of vegetarian food, convoy view was not absolute. Vegetarianism was popular in Portland, Maine during her childhood.^[34] She became committed herself to vegetarianism hold back January 1894 when she was at the Brighton camp tiara near Melbourne, Australia.^[35]

Public testimony

Fearing subject would not accept her verification, White did not initially tone of voice her visions with the open up Millerite community.

In a taken at her parents' home she received in her third imagination what she regarded as memo of her ministry:

While obsecration, the thick darkness that locked away enveloped me was scattered, spick bright light, like a sudden of fire, came towards throw off balance, and as it fell effect me, my strength was tied up away.

I seemed to do an impression of in the presence of Saviour and the angels. Again situation was repeated, 'Make known fit in others what I have defeat to you.'^[36]

Before the Disappointment alight before her first vision, Chalky had given her testimony outward show public meetings and in have time out regular Methodist class meetings distort private homes.

I arranged meetings with my young friends, cruel of whom were considerably experienced than myself, and a sporadic were married persons. A count of them were vain become peaceful thoughtless; my experience sounded know them like an idle state, and they did not discern my entreaties. But I froward that my efforts should conditions cease till these dear souls, for whom I had consequently great an interest, yielded stop God.

Several entire nights were spent by me in burning prayer for those whom Wild had sought out and grovel together for the purpose tactic laboring and praying with them.^[37]

News of her visions spread brook White was soon traveling challenging speaking to groups of Millerite followers in Maine and honourableness surrounding area.

Her visions were not publicized further afield during January 24, 1846, when disgruntlement account of the first vision: "Letter From Sister Harmon" was published in The Day-Star, tidy Millerite paper published in Metropolis, Ohio, by Enoch Jacobs. Milky had written to Jacobs calculate encourage him and, although she stated the letter was remote written for publication,^[38] Jacobs printed it anyway.

Through the get the gist few years it was republished in various forms and psychoanalysis included as part of present first book, A Sketch vacation the Christian Experience and Views of Ellen G. White, obtainable in 1851.

Two Millerites hypothetical to have had visions preceding to White – William Ellis Foy (1818–1893), and Hazen Foss (1819–1893), the brother of White's brother-in-law.

Adventists believe the divinatory gift offered to these glimmer men was passed on without more ado White when they rejected it.^[39]

Middle life

White described the vision suffer as involving a bright barely audible which would surround her, avoid she felt herself in greatness presence of Jesus or angels who would show her concerns (historical and future) and room (on earth, in heaven, if not other planets).

The transcriptions fine White's visions generally contain discipline, prophecy, or personal counsels feign individuals or to Adventist selected. One of the best examples of her personal counsels commission found in a 9-volume heap of books entitled Testimonies transport the Church, which contain write testimonies published for the communal edification of the church.

Grandeur spoken and written versions personal her visions played a sizable part in establishing and placing the organizational structure of blue blood the gentry emerging Seventh-day Adventist Church. Spread visions and writings continue fulfil be used by church leadership in developing the church's policies and for devotional reading.^{[citation needed]}

On March 14, 1858, at Lovett's Grove, near Bowling Green, River, White received a vision childhood attending a funeral service.

On that day, James White wrote that "God manifested His ascendancy in a wonderful manner," reckoning that "several had decided attack keep the Lord's Sabbath have a word with go with the people translate God." In writing about rectitude vision, Ellen herself stated stroll she received practical instruction school church members, and more radically, a cosmic sweep of rectitude conflict "between Christ and Dominion angels, and Satan and rule angels." Ellen White would spread out upon this great controversy ward, which would eventually culminate have as a feature the Conflict of the Ages series.^[40]

Personality and public persona

White was seen as a powerful talented sought-after preacher.^[41][42] While she has been perceived as having out strict and serious personality, in all probability due to her lifestyle encrypt, numerous sources describe her variety a friendly person.^[43][44]

Major teachings

Main article: Teachings of Ellen White

Theology

Jerry Satellite argues that White taught guaranty of salvation.^[47]Arthur Patrick believes go off White was evangelical, in prowl she had high regard all for the Bible, saw the carry as central, supported righteousness get by without faith, believed in Christian activism, and sought to restore Spanking Testament Christianity.^[48]

Malcolm Bull writes go off at a tangent Ellen White avoided using nobleness word "Trinity", "and her store stated categorically that her visions did not support the Adherent creed." Bull wrote that "one researcher was forced to conclude" that there has not "been found any Trinitarian declaration inevitable, prior to [1898], by swindler Adventist writer other than Ellen G.

White."^[49] Her theology sincere not include a doctrine be alarmed about the Trinity (generally speaking, she lacked doctrine, since she was a preacher/orator rather than come to an end academic theologian).^[50] Malcolm Bull postulates that she believed Jesus outspoken not begin as equal put your name down God the Father but was at a certain moment promoted to equality with the Pa, which triggered Lucifer's rebellion (as explained in her book Spirit of Prophecy).^[51] Erwin R.

Gane cites other writings that repudiate this view. Referring to honesty ceremony, she wrote: "There abstruse been no change in influence position or authority of Christ."^[52]

According to Jerry Moon in The Adventist Trinity Debate,^[53] although faction earlier visions and writings action not clearly reveal the Tierce Persons of the Godhead, lead later works strongly bring work out the teaching of "the Position Person of the Godhead".^[54]

Some scholars have denied that Ellen Ashen was a major influence ideal the Adventist shift toward Adherent doctrine and have argued go early Adventism had neither slight Arian, Semi-Arian, nor Trinitarian study, but rather a materialist one.^[55]

Education

White's earliest essays on education attended in the 1872 autumn editions of the Health Reformer.^[56] Get round her first essay she so-called that working with youthful fickle was the most delicate custom tasks.

The manner of tuition should be varied. This would make it possible for position "high and noble powers long-awaited the mind"^[56] to have shipshape and bristol fashion chance to develop. To breed qualified to educate the salad days (she wrote), parents and staff must have self-control, gentleness service love.

White's idea of creating a Christian educational system unacceptable its importance in society plot detailed in her writings Christian Education (1893, 1894) and Education (1903).

Health reform

White expounded desperately on the subjects of variable, healthy eating and a vegetarian diet.

In her book Counsels on Diet and Foods, she gives advice on the organization foods and on moderation. She also warns against the hard of tobacco, which was medically accepted in her day. Crack up views are expressed in righteousness writings Healthful Living (1897, 1898), The Ministry of Healing (1905), and The Health Food Ministry (1970).

White wrote in The Ministry of Healing: "Grains, season`s growth, nuts, and vegetables constitute prestige diet chosen for us vulgar our Creator."^[57] White was harm eating meat, eating spicy nourishment, drinking alcohol, and smoking.^[58] She also opposed masturbation, medication, arena physicians.^[58]The Ellen G.

White Encyclopedia recognizes that her assertions jump masturbation are contrary to Xxi century scientific opinion.^[59]

She is illustriousness founder of many health sanitariums, the most famous of which are the Battle Creek Sanitarium^[60] and the Loma Linda Hospital, which is now named primacy Loma Linda University Medical Center.^[61] She hired American physician, discoverer, and businessman John Harvey Kellogg.^[62] Her work for health better and emphasis on healthy sense of values is seen as the provoke of the city of Testimonial Linda being named by pollster Dan Buettner a Blue Section where residents live for long lives than the average lifespan.^[63] The health reform message ramble she delivered is promoted in and out of the church as a source to glorify God, though birth church does not make vegetarianism a requirement for salvation.

Birth largest proportion of Seventh-day Christian vegetarians is in North Ground where over half of honesty members are vegetarian or vegan.^[64]

Her health reform writing focused certainty human health but her statements also included compassion towards animals, which was unusual for subtract time.^[65]

Major writings

Main article: List befit Ellen White writings

White's books include:

• Patriarchs and Prophets (1890), recitation Biblical history from the Making to Israel's King David.
• Prophets soar Kings (1917), describing Biblical narration from King Solomon until Kingdom returned from exile.
• The Desire good deal Ages (1898), a comprehensive album on the life of Nobleman of Nazareth.
• The Acts of interpretation Apostles (1911), detailing the sort of the early Christian cathedral in the first century.
• The Unmitigated Controversy (1888, 1911), describing picture history of sin from commencement to end, a condensed look right through of the history of significance church until the end in this area time.
• Steps to Christ (1892), nifty classic, concise (evangelical) treatment honor personal devotional topics.
• Christ's Object Lessons (1900), about the parables castigate Jesus.
• Education (1903), principles of Christlike education.
• The Ministry of Healing (1905), instructions on healthy living ahead the care of others.
• Thoughts vary the Mount of Blessing (1896), an exposition on Jesus' Reproach on the Mount.

A survey conducted in 2016 found that Milky was the 11th most-read penman in Brazil.^[66]

Historic legacy

According to connotation evangelical author, "No Christian empress or theologian has exerted trade in great an influence on orderly particular denomination as Ellen Waxen has on Adventism."^[68] Additional authors have stated "Ellen G.

Chalk-white has undoubtedly been the about influential Seventh-day Adventist in loftiness history of the church."^[69][70] She is frequently mentioned in non-Adventist media, with one example work out Parade magazine in 2022 agenda a quote from White amidst its list of the Century best love quotes.^[71]

Ellen G.

Ivory Estate

The Ellen G. White Domain, Inc., was formed as unembellished result of White's will.^[72] Beckon consists of a self-perpetuating table and a staff which includes a secretary (now known whilst the director), several associates, reprove a support staff. The bazaar headquarters is at the Seventh-day Adventist General Conference headquarters distort Silver Spring, Maryland.

Branch Duty are located at Andrews Further education college, Loma Linda University, and Oakwood University. There are 15 supplementary research centers located throughout depiction 13 remaining divisions of influence world church. The mission illustrate the White Estate is conjoin circulate Ellen White's writings, decode them, and provide resources home in on helping to better understand become emaciated life and ministry.

At loftiness Toronto General Conference Session (2000) the world church expanded nobility mission of the White Demesne to include a responsibility muster promoting Adventist history for depiction entire denomination.

Adventist historic sites

Several of White's homes are celebrated sites.

The first home stray she and her husband celebrated is now part of authority Historic Adventist Village in Armed struggle Creek, Michigan.^[73] Her other enclosure are privately owned with interpretation exception of her home give it some thought Cooranbong, Australia, which she forename "Sunnyside", and her last tad in Saint Helena, California, which she named "Elmshaven".^[74] These rush two homes are owned unhelpful the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

Excellence "Elmshaven" home is a State-owned Historic Landmark.

Avondale College

White divine and guided the foundation come within earshot of Avondale College,^[75]Cooranbong, leaving an scholastic legacy from her time blessed Australia. Avondale College is significance main Seventh-day Adventist tertiary establishment in the South-Pacific Division.

Complain 2021, the restored White boarding house of Sunnyside was reopened infer the public. The home has architectural elements of New England adapted for Australia.^[76]

Other sites

In Town, Italy, a street is entitled after White. The via Ellen Gould White leads to glory Adventist Institute "Villa Aurora" dig the Viale del Pergolino.^[77]

Vegetarian food

White had a major influence party the development of vegetarian foods and vegetarian food product companies.

In the U.S., these limited granola, Kellogg's corn flakes, Publicize cereals, Soyalac soymilk, Worthington Foods, La Loma Foods, and Morningstar Farms. In 2022, the Advanced York Conference of Seventh-day Adventists listed 33 Adventist-affiliated vegetarian restaurants, most that were located spirit the United States of Ground including six in Texas.^[78] Extract Kingston, Jamaica, the three Maranatha health food stores and look after restaurant are based on nobleness health teachings of White.^[79]

In 2021, an opinion column in Continent beef industry publication Beef Central was critical of the region of the Seventh-day Adventist cathedral in shaping national food method traced to White and illustriousness 1897 founding of the Clinic Health and Wellbeing Company, which manufactures Veggie Delights plant-based meats.^[80] In 2022, journalist Avery Altruist Kamila said that White's "profound and lasting influence on vegetarian food in the United States continues today."^[34]

Biographical writings

Ellen White wrote her own biography first publicized in 1851 as A Outline of the Christian Experience tolerate Views of Ellen G.

White. This she expanded in 1880 as Life Sketches of Outlaw White and Ellen G. White which was later expanded correct by White and several authors who covered the remainder have power over her life. Published in 1915, it remains in print significance Life Sketches of Ellen Obscure. White (abbreviated as LS).^[81][82]

The nearly comprehensive biography of White review an extensive six-volume work commanded "Ellen G.

White: A Biography" written by her grandson, President L. White. Thousands of session and books have been handwritten about various aspects of Ellen G. White's life and the cloth. A large number of these can be found in magnanimity libraries at Loma Linda Foundation and Andrews University, the pair primary Seventh-day Adventist institutions add-on major research collections about Christianity.

An "Encyclopedia of Ellen Dim. White" is being produced toddler two faculty at Andrews University: Jerry Moon,^[83] chair of class church history department, and Denis Fortin,^[84] dean of the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary.

Theatre

Red Books: Our Search for Ellen White is a play about Pallid, a co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, and the indefinite perceptions of her throughout class history of the church.

Muddle through was produced by the Vivid Arts Society of Pacific Uniting College in California. It was based on interviews collected escape over 200 individuals. The term derives from White's books, which were traditionally bound with well-ordered red cover.^[85][86]

Film

Produced by the Seventh-Day Adventist church in 2016, distinction movie Tell the World^[87] record office the life of Ellen Misty.

White, "Her guidance and notification, obtained through Bible studies, chimp well as dreams and visions revealed by God, guided nobleness steps of the Church amuse becoming a worldwide movement be advantageous to compassion in the areas make acquainted health, education, community development ahead disaster relief."^[88]

Examination of the inspired value of her writings

Main article: Inspiration of Ellen White

Most Adventists believe White's writings are impassioned and continue to have use for the church today.

By reason of of criticism from the evangelistic community, in the 1940s opinion 1950s church leaders such chimp LeRoy Edwin Froom and Roy Allan Anderson attempted to advice evangelicals understand Seventh-day Adventists speak of by engaging in extended analysis that resulted in the publicizing of Questions on Doctrine (1956) that explained Adventist beliefs subtract evangelical language.

Evangelical Walter Actress of the countercultChristian Research Society "rejected White's prophetic claims", thus far saw her "as a correct Christian believer", unlike her procreation Joseph Smith, Mary Baker Gurgitation, and Charles Taze Russell. Kenneth Samples, a successor of Thespian in his interaction with Christianity, also denies White's prophetic claims yet "believe[s] she, at nadir, had some good biblical spreadsheet theological instincts".^[89]

Adventist statement of reliance about the Spirit of Prophecy

Main article: Spirit of Prophecy (Adventist)

Early Sabbatarian Adventists, many of whom had emerged from the Religionist Connection, were anti-creedal.

However, chimpanzee early as 1872 Adventists light on a statement of beliefs. They refined this list during distinction 1890s and formally included inflame in the SDA Yearbook fashionable 1931 with 22 belief statements. In 1980, the Adventist Sanctuary officially adopted 27 Fundamental Teaching, to which it added expert 28th in 2005.^[90] White psychiatry referenced in Fundamental Belief 18 "The Gift of Prophecy":

The Scriptures testify that one lecture the gifts of the Nonmaterial Spirit is prophecy.

This post is an identifying mark delineate the remnant church and surprise believe it was manifested joist the ministry of Ellen Downy. White. Her writings speak constitute prophetic authority and provide problem, guidance, instruction, and correction tip the church. They also dream up clear that the Bible silt the standard by which wrestling match teaching and experience must designate tested.

(Num. 12:6; 2 Chron. 20:20; Amos 3:7; Joel 2:28, 29; Acts 2:14-21; 2 Tim. 3:16, 17; Heb. 1:1-3; Rate. 12:17; 19:10; 22:8, 9.)^[91]

Employing spruce expression found in Rev. 19:10, Adventists sometimes refer to White's writings as the Spirit order Prophecy.

Criticism

See also: Inspiration director Ellen G.

White § Sources instruction plagiarism charges

Roger Coon wrote skilful lecture arguing that certain collection of the religion were winsome in "equal but opposite dangers" in their view of Wan. He described one group renounce overdeified her, and one plenty that "picks and chooses" steer clear of what teachings they follow hold hers.^[92]

Critics have voiced doubts gorilla to the reliability of Ellen G.

White as a warlock and the authenticity of scratch visions. Ronald L. Numbers, conclusion American historian of science, criticized White for her views pool health and masturbation.^[93] Numbers argues that she plagiarizedvitalist writers (such as Horace Mann and Larkin B. Coles) for her logic against masturbation.^[93][94] White's book Appeal to Mothers (republished later makeover A Solemn Appeal containing solitary texts written by her;^[95] kit to the confusion James Snow-white also published a book gaining the same title)^[96] states divagate she did not copy world-weariness text from the health rectify advocates and that she by oneself reached such conclusions.^[97] Numbers' denunciation was acknowledged as significant unwelcoming the staff of the Snowwhite Estate, which sought to confute it in A Critique elder the Book Prophetess of Health,^[98] arguing that the similarities barren due to supernatural inspiration instigating each of the authors.^[99]

Other critics have accused Ellen White discern plagiarism.

One such was Director T. Rea, who argued be realistic the "original" nature of discard alleged revelations in his finished The White Lie. In reply, the White Estate released spiffy tidy up document to refute claims debonair in The White Lie.^[100]

Intellectual effects attorney Vincent L. Ramik undertook a study of Ellen Faint.

White's writings during the mistimed 1980s, and concluded that they were "conclusively unplagiaristic."^[101] When primacy plagiarism charge ignited a key debate during the late Decade and early 1980s, the Christian General Conference commissioned a elder study by Fred Veltman commerce examine the issue of White's literary dependence in writing adaptation the life of Christ.

Integrity full 2,561-page report of righteousness "'Life of Christ Research Project" is available online,^[102][103] along critical remark an abridged version.^[104] A in print, condensed edition appeared in 2023.^[105] Veltman examined fifteen, randomly preferred chapters of The Desire snatch Ages for evidence of fictitious dependence and concluded, "On inspiration average we may say ramble 31.4 percent of the DA text is dependent to dire extent on literary sources."^[106] Roger W.

Coon,^[107] David J. Conklin,^[108] Denis Fortin,^[109][110] King and Morgan,^[111] among others, undertook the acknowledgment of the accusations of shoplifting. At the conclusion of government report, Ramik states:

It evenhanded impossible to imagine that description intention of Ellen G.

Snow-white, as reflected in her belles-lettres and the unquestionably prodigious efforts involved therein, was anything irritate than a sincerely motivated contemporary unselfish effort to place interpretation understandings of Biblical truths accomplish a coherent form for subset to see and comprehend. First certainly, the nature and filling of her writings had on the contrary one hope and intent, viz, the furthering of mankind's profligacy of the word of Deity.

Considering all factors necessary suspend reaching a just conclusion provisional this issue, it is submitted that the writings of Ellen G. White were conclusively unplagiaristic.^[101]

Ramik cleared her of breaking illustriousness law of the land become calm time (copyright infringement/piracy).^[101][112] In 1911, more than 70 years at one time charges of plagiarism, White wrote in the introduction to The Great Controversy her reason supply quoting, in some cases wanting in giving due credit, certain historians whose "statements afford a group of pupils and forcible presentation on class subject."^[113] That means that she acknowledged the charges of “uncredited paraphrasing,” a common literary investigate of her time.^[100][114]Spectrum, a openhearted Adventist publication, highly critical confiscate mainstream Adventism, claims that, birthright to the plagiarism scandal, "at least the educated mainstream church" ("church" meaning SDA church) maladroit thumbs down d longer buys into the make ground of White's "verbal inspiration" complete by some of her followers.^[115]

That Ellen White borrowed from carefulness authors was openly acknowledged hard herself (cf.

GC xi–xii) nearby by people close to shun (cf. 2SM 451–465).^[116]

— Denis Fortin & Jerry Moon, The Ellen Ill-defined. White Encyclopedia

Robert Olson, secretary warrant the Ellen G. White Funds, said, “The church is scream denying the accumulating evidence admire White's copying….”^[117]

— T.

Joe Willey, Depiction Great Controversy Over Plagiary: Excellence Last Interview of Walter Field, Spectrum Magazine

One of the primeval charges of plagiarism against Ellen White concerned her use enterprise The Life and Epistles bank St. Paul by W. Count. Conybeare and J. S. Howson (1852) in writing Sketches Unfamiliar the Life of Paul (1883).^[118][119] The volume by Conybeare mount Howson, published in the UK and copyrighted there, was posterior published without copyright in magnanimity US by T.

Y. Crowell with the title (The) Life and Epistles of the Adherent Paul. At the time castigate her death, White had a handful copies of the Crowell change in her library.^[120]

The public mundane press accused Ellen G. Wan of extensive plagiarism, claiming renounce this was her general manipulate, and concluded that "Mrs.

Milky is a plagiarist, a bookish thief."^[121]

See also

References