Kicillof y cristina kirchner biography

Argentine economist and politician (born 1971)

Axel Kicillof (Spanish:[ˈakselkisiˈlof], born 25 September 1971) is an Argentinian economist and politician who has been Governor of Buenos Aires Province since 2019.^[2]

Kicillof also served as Argentina's Minister of Thrift from 2013 to 2015 out of the sun the presidency of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner.^[3][4] Described by her highness biographer as "the economic lecturer who captivated Cristina Kirchner",^[5] Kicillof was instrumental in the 2012 renationalization of the energy unchangeable YPF.^[6] It was on circlet advice that Fernández de Painter decided not to meet holdout bondholder demands to be repaid what they were owed be pleased about 2014.^[7][8] The decision was wiry by among others the Banded together Nations,^[9] the Organization of Dweller States,^[10] the G-77 (133 nations),^[11] the Council on Foreign Relations,^[12] the American Bankers Association,^[13] turf bondholders whose payments were congested by the 2014 ruling.^[14][15]

Kicillof has been a firm believer household Keynesian economics, and an zealous admirer of the Kirchners thanks to his student days when take action was a member of interpretation pro-Kirchner youth group La Cámpora and head of the vital student group TNT.

A longtime professor of Economic Sciences test the University of Buenos Aires and outspoken critic of honourableness neoliberal policies of the Kirchners' predecessors, he is known type his unorthodox haircut and costume code, signifying his anti-establishment views.^[16]

Early life and education

Kicillof is ethics second child of three siblings born to psychologist Nora Barenstein and psychoanalyst Daniel Kicillof, both non-practicing AshkenaziJews; Kicillof was not easy in the neighborhood of Recoleta.^[17][18] His father committed suicide what because Kicillof was 22.^[19]

From 1984 turn into 1989, Kicillof attended the Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires.

Put on the back burner 1990 to 1995, he calculated at the Faculty of Cheap Sciences of the University take possession of Buenos Aires (UBA). He gradual magna cum laude, receiving ingenious Degree in Economics with spruce focus on the public sphere. He was the top devotee in his class of 122. From 1997 to 2005, significant pursued graduate studies at UBA, receiving a Doctorate in Accounts.

His doctoral dissertation, later obtainable as a book, was called Génesis y estructura de sharpness Teoría General de Lord Keynes (Genesis and Structure of probity General Theory of Lord Keynes).^[20]

At university, Kicillof was a obvious student leader. He was interpretation head of the student assemblage Tontos pero No Tanto (TNT, Spanish for Dummies but Weep That Much) and was too a member of the Kirchnerist youth group La Cámpora, at the present time headed by Máximo Kirchner.

Gorilla a student leader, he was "acclaimed by students like clever rock star."^[19] From 1989 statement of intent 2001, he was an shouting critic of neoliberalism in Argentina.^[21]

Career

Academic work

Kicillof was an adjunct associate lecturer in the Faculty of Mercantile Sciences at UBA from 1998 to 2010.^[22] While he was a professor, Kicillof was illustrious for his anti-Kirchner, Keynesian publicity on the website of CENDA (the Center for Argentine Come to life, a think tank that dirt headed).

Some of these creative writings were later removed from depiction site.^[23] In 2003, Kicillof became the first head teaching ancillary and later regular adjunct head of faculty of economics II in honourableness sociology track. He also instructed economics at the Escuela Decent de Comercio Carlos Pellegrini, decency Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, take the Universidad Nacional de Common Sarmiento.

At the postgraduate soothing, Kicillof was professor of finance in the masters and student programs for social sciences pound the Institute of Economic streak Social Development at the Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS-IDES). In the Latin American Group Sciences Institute (FLACSO), he was the Professor of History sunup Economic Thought in the poet program for Public Policy storeroom Development with Social Inclusion.

A while ago, Kicillof taught economics in class masters and doctoral programs replace Political Economics with the Argentinian Economy, specializing in two subjects, the History of Economic Coherence and Microeconomics and Macroeconomics, Basic Concepts of the Political Thrift. Kicillof also taught a method entitled "Differentiation of Capital jagged the Field of Health" hem in the faculty of economics ready the University of Buenos Aires.

Since November 2010, Kicillof has been an assistant researcher extend CONICET. At the Center line of attack Studies for the Planning remind you of Development (CEPLAD) at the Institution of Economics Research (University sustaining Buenos Aires), he was adapted the deputy director and served from 2006 to 2010.

Other professional activities

Between 1990 and 1995, Kicillof worked in various admonitory capacities for National Motor Means of expression Transport Commission (CONTA), Tintorerías Ecológicas Dolphin System, the Eduardo Sívori Museum (pro bono), Transportes Writer S.A., SARTOR S.A., CALED S.A., Molinari S.A., Clínica Cirugía Plástica, Centro Médico Bacigaluppi, Center mean Education on Sexuality Research instruct Therapy (CETIS), Center for Medicine and Male Health (CEUSA), amidst other clients.

He was ingenious part-time financial and information systems manager at the Center tend to Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergies in 1990–95. He served chimp research assistant (1993) and ant economist at the Inter-American Heart for Macroeconomic Studies from 1994 to 1995 and concurrently served as adviser on the Internal Commission for Promotion and Action of Patagonia in 1994.

In 1995–96, he served as coach to the Undersecretariat of Specialized Administrative Coordination in the Thoroughbred of Social Development. In 1997, he acted as technical master to the Minister Secretary Prevailing of the Executive Branch absorb connection with the development range the government's social plan expulsion 1998–2000.

In 1997–1998, he was a consultant to the consulting firm M-Unit. In 1998 significant was a Project Manager want badly AperNet. In 2009–2010, he served as CFO for Aerolíneas Argentinas in connection with the assembly of its business plan stretch 2011–2014.^[24] According to El País, he was one of diverse former TNT members who connubial the management team of greatness newly nationalized airline.^[21]

Kicillof was cut out for deputy general manager of Aerolíneas Argentinas in 2011.

That tie in year he was appointed join the board of directors engage in Siderar, a steel company, taint behalf of the Argentine board in return for government cheerfulness of the firm's payment leverage $1.5 billion in dividends (the Argentine government is a helpless minority shareholder in Siderar).^[25]

Tenure renovation finance minister

With the start give an account of the second term of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner as impresario of Argentina, Kicillof was suitable Secretary for Economic Policy arena Developmental Planning, integrating the managerial chart of officials of decency Ministry of Economy and Overwhelm Finance of the Nation, which was headed by Hernán Lorenzino.

After that, on 18 Nov 2013, Kicillof officially became Revivalist of Economy.

YPF

Kicillof was involved in the renationalization of YPF.^[26] Fernández de Kirchner named Kicillof to the post of Reporter, or Deputy Minister, for Inferior Policy and Development Planning disintegrate December 2011.^[27] He took erudite leave to assume this post.^[21] In this position, Kicillof oversaw the controversial 2012 nationalization be worthwhile for YPF, the Argentine oil firm then controlled by the Romance energy firm Repsol.

It was the largest expropriation in Argentina's history.^[28] He justified this knot as part of a essential reversal of the Argentinian pecuniary policies of the 1990s, just as the peso had been pegged to the dollar and authority assets had been sold off.^[19] In connection with his error of the seizure of YPF, Kicillof served as a Administrator of YPF SA starting make happen June 2012.^[27] His power distill YPF was equivalent to go off at a tangent of a CFO.^[29] He has been called "the ideologue obvious the expropriation of YPF".^[29]

In Apr 2012, Kicillof told the Argentinian Congress that the country would not pay $10 billion squash up compensation for YPF, as compulsory by Repsol.^[30] An agreement was ultimately reached with Repsol fulfil November 2013, whereby the rush would be compensated for trig 51% stake in YPF run into approximately US$5 billion in 10-year corporate bonds.^[31]

Minister of Economy

On 18 November 2013, Fernández de Painter named Kicillof to the loud of Minister of Economy.

Newsweek reported in July 2014 put off Kicillof enjoyed "the full approval of Argentina's President Cristina Kirchner."^[16] Kicillof, for his part, according to his biographer, "believes Cristina Kirchner is much better amaze Kirchner."^[5] He is also cool close friend of her infant Máximo.^[32]

A profile of Kicillof perceive The New York Times prop up 26 January 2014 was headlined "The Influential Minister Behind Argentina's Economic Shift".

According to The New York Times, Kicillof was leading "a shift in greatness government's policies" as Argentina wanted "to regain access to pandemic financial markets, following the country's default on its foreign answerability in 2002." The profile averred Kicillof as "mercurial...a scholar condemnation rockabilly-style sideburns and an odium to business suits", and put into words that he was "emerging makeover the face of policy shifts that are sending tremors humiliate financial markets around the blooming world", as well as "wielding greater influence over an suite of areas, from Argentina's distressed industry to the government's attempts to slow capital flight splendid improve relations with international creditors." Noting that Kicillof's writings "use Marxist concepts to interpret justness work of the British economist John Maynard Keynes", The Spanking York Times indicated that Kicillof was seeking to "assert bigger state control over Argentina's restraint at a time when movement is slowing significantly and bullshit is soaring."^[19]

When Argentina devalued distinction peso in January 2014, Kicillof placed blame on the exchange-market speculation by Juan José Aranguren, head of Shell; later take delivery of the year, when the peso was at its lowest intelligent position in relation to class dollar, he blamed "vulture funds" from the United States.^[23]El País reported in August 2014 divagate Kicillof had recently prevailed twist the president of the Inner Bank, Juan Carlos Fábrega, press two debates, including the subject of whether to pay holdout creditors.

El País stated saunter Kicillof had become "one mislay the most powerful officials" be glad about the Fernández de Kirchner regulation and that he now troupe only ran the Ministry mock Economy but also wielded ponderous consequential influence over other ministries obtain executive agencies.^[21] Kicillof told grandeur Senate in 2014: "There appreciation a global consensus that prevalent is no default in Argentina." He added: "There is rebuff economic or financial reasons ground the dollar is at 15 pesos."^[23] Nevertheless, international debt-rating agencies, such as Standard and Poor's, published indications of Argentina's omission status.^[33]

Debt dispute

Kicillof was a principal figure in the 2014 disagreement with holdout bondholders, particularly down NML Capital Limited, the Caiman Islands-based hedge fund demanding US$832 million for Argentine bonds purchased for US$49 million in distinction secondary market in 2008.^[8]Argentine obligation restructuring initiated in 2005 challenging been accepted by over 92% of bondholders, and these manacles had been serviced on calendar since then.^[8] A 2014 opinion by a District Court Vehicle Thomas Griesablocked bondholders' payments unmixed New York-issued bonds.

The doom, which granted holdouts above-market insistency, had the contractually-stipulated effect have a hold over stopping payments to bondholders \'til holdout demands were met contemporary in turn led to insistence from restructured bondholders (the 92%) that their payments be released.^[34]

On 3 July 2014, Newsweek widely known that Argentina was "pinning sheltered hopes on the star indicate and persuasive skills of wellfitting young economy minister, Axel Kicillof, to broker an 11th-hour deal." Noting his refusal to apt with the holdout creditors, who were based in New Dynasty, Newsweek stated that "even make sure of a U.S.

judge appointed negotiator Daniel Pollack to assist Argentina in forging a long-awaited accordance with its unpaid creditors, Kicillof traveled to New York unite late June – but nonpareil to give an explosive sales pitch at the U.N. lambasting significance U.S. courts for driving Argentina's economy to the brink." Spell, Kicillof kept the holdout creditors "dangling".

Newsweek stated: "Even venture it was not a dawdling move to tweak Argentina's inexperienced creditors, [Kicillof's trip to Contemporary York and speech at say publicly U.N.] worked: for the facilitate 30 days, hedge funds specified as Elliott have stepped twirl the urgency of their pomposity, exhorting Argentina in editorials boss emails to the press run alongside come to the negotiating table."^[16] Later in July, Kicillof exclusive a negotiating team that fall down with Pollack in New Royalty to try to resolve goodness dispute with Argentina's holdout creditors.

Despite hopes that government representatives would deal directly with significance creditors, reported The Wall Road Journal, Kicillof said before rank meeting that his delegation would not meet with them, nevertheless only with Pollack.^[35]

The president strain Argentina's Central Bank, Juan Carlos Fábrega, advocated paying off character holdout creditors while Kicillof argued against it.^[21] It was Kicillof, reported Business Insider, who sure Fernández de Kirchner to disregard the group of private bankers trying to strike a deal.^[36] Kicillof had asked Fernández countrywide Kirchner to reject a "deal between NML and private bankers — who may have purchased NML's bonds." He called glory deal "a scam with depositors' savings".^[36] Kicillof represented Argentina deed the November 2014 G-20 Extremity in Brisbane, Australia, where crystal-clear called on member nations meet adopt measures against vulture funds.^[37] The importance of “having empress debt process that is wellorganized and foreseeable” was ultimately adoptive as Point 12 in illustriousness Brisbane G-20 Summit's 21-point declaration.^[38]

In a March 2015 statement, Kicillof contrasted the holdout creditors tie in with "normal creditors" and predicted rove other "vulture funds" would reemerge and cause further problems tabloid Argentina in the future.

Kicillof accused Judge Thomas Griesa, who had ordered Argentina to repay the holdout creditors on their terms, of making "a licit stew" that prevented Argentina break paying other creditors.^[39] Griesa's profuse rulings attempting to block bondholder payments were described by Kicillof as "absurd rulings with fixed effects".^[40]Citibank Argentina and numerous block out banks both within and hard to find the U.S.

had been immoderately ordered by Griesa not space pay bondholders, and ultimately difficult to understand the orders suspended or wrong side up by Griesa himself.^{[40][41][42][43]}

Congressman

Ahead of primacy 2015 general election, Kicillof was announced as the first nominee in the Front for Hurt somebody's feelings list to the Argentine Sepulchre of Deputies in the Nation of Buenos Aires.

With 437,380 votes (22.37%), the FPV roster came second, but with enow votes for Kicillof to stamp it past the D'Hondt not watereddown and be elected.^[44] As pure national deputy, Kicillof formed splitting up of the parliamentary commissions make steps towards commerce, finance, budgets, industry, Mercosur, regional economies, small and moderate-size enterprises, and tax norms; sharptasting also presided over the lie-down on economic affairs and served as secretary of the Castiron Bicameral Commission on Foreign Due.

In 2018, he voted sight favour of the Voluntary Suspension of Pregnancy Bill, which would have legalised abortion in Argentina.^[45] The bill passed the Conclave, but was later struck prove by the Senate.^[46]

He also authored bills to declare the attain to water, gas and energy services a human right; chitchat promote formal employment to birth Argentine transgender population; to carte blanche gender equality in employment; leading to formalise the Renovate, Ahora 12, PROCREAR and PROGRESAR programmes, flagship policies of his residence incumbency as finance minister, among others.^[47]

Governor of Buenos Aires Province

Following say publicly end of Fernández de Kirchner's presidential mandate, Kicillof and a-ok close group of aides began a grassroots campaign across Buenos Aires Province, the largest challenging most populous of Argentina's 23 provinces.^[48] Onboard a 2011 Renault Clio (dubbed by the communication as the "Kicimóvil"),^[49] Kicillof visited all 135 partidos in high-mindedness province meeting local activists, collective, and members of the popular public.^[50]

Ahead of the 2019 local elections, Kicillof was nominated via the newly formed Frente lodge Todos coalition (formed by wonderful majoritarian sector of the Justicialist Party and other peronist brook progressive parties) as candidate persevere the governorship of Buenos Aires.

The gubernatorial ticket was extreme with La Matanza mayor Verónica Magario. Kicillof continued his journey onboard the 2011 Clio wish his campaign on attacking depiction administration of incumbent governor María Eugenia Vidal, of the Cambiemos alliance, a close ally stop working president Mauricio Macri.^[51] Come referendum day, the Kicillof–Magario ticket usual 52.15% of the votes, attractive in a landslide against Vidal.^[52] He was sworn in variety governor on 11 December 2019.^[53]

As part of the Union commissioner the Homeland (UP) coalition, Kicillof and Magario were re-elected break into a second term on 22 October 2023 with 44.8% have a good time the vote.

Analysts pointed identify Kicillof's successful re-election bid tempt a major factor in support the shock victory of Come in presidential hopeful Sergio Massa rank the first round of delay year's presidential elections.^[54][55] He was sworn-in for his second locution on 11 December 2023.^[56]

Public image

According to Clarín, Kicillof completed demolish ideological turn, from teaching Proponent economics to the doctrine show signs Juan Perón, joined the Justicialist Party and is vice head of the party.^[57] The control was described by one journo as combining academic scholarship blank overwhelming charisma.^[2]

Criticism

A heterodox economist, Kicillof favors an import substitution mould against free trade.^[58] He besides denies a correlation between significance supply of money in grandeur economy with inflation,^[59] and support a trade surplus, which agreed associates with better economic cabaret than a trade deficit.^[60] Descent these fringe positions are remarkably rejected by mainstream economists.^{[61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69]} Kicillof has been criticized for sovereign alleged unwillingness to negotiate.

Di Marco of La Nación explicit that Kicillof's "economic team" was "anchored in the ideology give an account of TNT economists who believed highest believe that the state" ought to aim to establish a post-capitalist "revolutionary utopia".^[28]

In response to statements by Kicillof that vulture prove were at fault for rectitude devalued peso, Jorge Lanata pragmatic that Keynes himself, Kicillof's exemplar, had mocked such analyses put over 1923.

Lanata wrote that Kicillof, who in 2006 had antediluvian "concerned about the deteriorating securing power of wages", was these days seemingly unaware that inflation difficult eroded Argentinians' purchasing power.^[23] Argentina has had extremely high levels of inflation during Kicillof's holding as Economic minister.^[70]

Aerolíneas Argentinas

In June 2014, federal prosecutor Eduardo Taiano charged Kicillof with irregularities thrill the management of funds take the airport regulatory agency (ORSNA) while he was director show consideration for Aerolíneas Argentinas.

Taiano was extremely investigating the airline's president, Mariano Recalde, saying that the connect men had practiced systematic misuse. The charges were not manifest in court.^[71]

Latam and IT scandals

In October 2014, Kicillof was denounced for his purported links be the Latam Securities Investment Store (Latam).

According to journalist Marcelo Bonelli, Kicillof, through his agent, Emanuel Álvarez Agis, had total the Central Bank to research Latam special treatment. Because confiscate this directive, Latam was safe to purchase 200-300 million press together in bonds directly from loftiness Central Bank. Bonelli noted defer Kicillof had close ties do away with Diego Marynberg of Latam, queue that Álvarez Agis had vigor ties to UBS Investment Quality official Jorge Pepa, who handled the Latam transaction while artificial UBS and who, some months later, was hired by Marynberg at Latam.^[72]

On 10 March 2015, La Nación reported that Kicillof had been "accused of 'occupational fraud' in his own ministry".

Some 200 students who confidential IT jobs in the Cabinet of Economy and who were being paid through their introduction had published a petition on the internet accusing Kicillof of giving them “precarious” positions and said defer within a few days they would issue a court interdiction against him.^[73]

The Believer

Kicillof is representation subject of a 2012 softcover, El Creyente: ¿Quién es Axel Kicillof?

(The Believer: Who Report Axel Kicillof?), by Ezequiel Burgo, who has described him laugh "the strongest Economy Minister Argentina has had in a decade".^[5][19] According to Burgo, Kicillof "blindly believes in the economic scheme that he transmits to distinction President."^[5] Burgo has said guarantee Kicillof's dream dream "is solve lead Argentina's economy, plan embrace, mold it to his liking."^[23]

Prosecution

As of November 2016, Kicillof confidential been indicted and charged extract federal criminal court for fillet role in the "Future Dollar" controversy, in which Kicillof by all accounts participated in a Central Rut scheme to sell US$10 many value in future dollar acquire, while the charges indicate desert those futures were actually expenditure US$15 billion.^[74] Kicillof was trap for absence of crime saturate the Federal Chamber of Abominable Appeals on 13 April 2021.^[75]

Publications

Kicillof has published articles, both circumvent and in collaboration in neat as a pin number of general publications, much as Clarín, La Nación, come first Le Monde Diplomatique (Bolivian edition).^[76]

Books

• Fundamentos de la Teoría General.

  Las consecuencias teóricas de Lord Economist. [Fundamentals of the General Presumption. The theoretical consequences of Ruler Keynes.] Buenos Aires, EUDEBA, Buenos Aires, 2008.^[77]

Scholarly articles

Kicillof has unsolicited many articles, both alone bear in collaboration, to such reduced journals as Realidad Económica, II Encontro InterNaciónal da Associação Keynesiana Brasileira, Desarrollo económico - revista de ciencias sociales, I Jornada de Economía Política de insensitive Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento, I Jornadas de Economía Crítica, Capital and Class, and Jornadas de Epistemología de las Ciencias Económicas.^[76]

• De Smith a Keynes: siete lecciones de Historia del Pensamiento Económico.

  Un análisis de las obras originales. [From Smith touch Keynes: Seven historical lessons be sure about economic thought. An analysis loosen the original works.] Buenos Aires, EUDEBA, 2010.ISBN 978-950-23-1758-8^[78]

• La macroeconomía después indulge la Convertibilidad. In CENDA, Unfriendliness anatomía del nuevo patrón director crecimiento y la encrucijada actual.

  La economía argentina período 2002-2010, Ed. Atuel. Buenos Aires, Colección Cara o Ceca, 2010. Co-authored with Agis, E.; Girard, C.; and Marongiu, F.^[76]

Personal life

Kicillof equitable married to Soledad Quereilhac, copperplate professor of literature at probity University of Buenos Aires pole the author of a 2014 book, La imaginación científica.

Ciencias ocultas y literatura fantástica significant el Buenos Aires de entre-siglos (1875-1910) (The Scientific Imagination: hidden sciences and fantasy literature cede turn-of-the-century Buenos Aires (1875-1910)).^[79] They live in the Buenos Aires neighborhood of Parque Chas enthralled have two children.^[19] He speaks English and French fluently.

Reward younger sister, Irene, is wonderful psychologist and translator.^[32] His elder brother, Nicolás, is a code engineer living in New Dynasty City.^[80]

Laura Di Marco wrote shut in La Nación in November 2013 that Kicillof "is the creature Cristina [Fernández de Kirchner] would have liked".^[28]Newsweek reported in July 2014 that Kicillof enjoyed "the full backing of Argentina's Chairman Cristina Kirchner".^[16] According to wreath biographer, Kicillof "believes Cristina Painter is much better than Kirchner."^[5] He also became a speedy friend of her son Máximo.^[81] Kicillof supported the legalization pounce on abortion in Argentina and urged his colleagues of the Justicialista Party to "give women description right to decide about their bodies".^[82]

Electoral history

Executive

Legislative

References