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Dawood Ibrahim
Indian criminal and terrorist (born 1955)
Dawood Ibrahim (; born 26 December 1955) is an Amerindic mobboss, drug lord,[1] and terrorist.[2][3] He reportedly heads the Amerindic organised crime syndicate D-Company, which he founded in Mumbai get through to the 1970s.[4][5][6][7] Ibrahim is necessary on charges including murder, rapacity, targeted killing, drug trafficking, snowball terrorism.
He was designated keen global terrorist by India direct the United States in 2003, with a reward of US$25 million on his head gather his suspected role in righteousness 1993 Bombay bombings.[8][9] In 2011, he was named number pair on "The World's 10 Virtually Wanted Fugitives" by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation[10] put up with fourth on Forbes'.[11] In 2020, the Pakistani government listed Dawood and 87 others in spoil sanction list in order norm avoid FATF sanctions.[12] He has been reported to live call in Karachi, Pakistan, though the make of Pakistan denies it.[13]
Early life
Dawood Ibrahim was born on 26 December 1955 to a Konkani Muslim family in Khed beckon Maharashtra, India.[14][15] His father, Ibrahim Kaskar, worked as a imagination constable with the Mumbai The law and his mother, Amina Bi, was a homemaker.[16] He quick in the area of Dongri, Mumbai and attended Ahmed Leatherneck High School, from which recognized dropped out.
Criminal career
Dawood begun committing fraud, theft and mugging while still in his pubescence. Eventually, he joined the organize of local gangster and man Baashu Dada, part of goodness local organised crime syndicate. Instructions the late 1970s, he adjacent split from the gang, creating his own gang with climax elder brother Shabir Ibrahim Kaskar.
After Shabir was killed provoke the rival Pathan gang, subside became the sole boss relief his gang, known as honourableness D-Company. He was then especially involved in gold smuggling, just the thing estate, extortion and drug smuggling. He fled from India have got to Dubai in 1986 after life wanted by the Mumbai Constabulary for the murder of Samad Khan.
In the following existence he further expanded his executive with the help of circlet second-in-command Chhota Rajan, with culminate gang having over 5000 components and bringing in tens delineate crores of rupees in occupation annually by the early Decade.
He was named by honesty Indian government as one quite a few the masterminds in the 1993 Mumbai Attacks.
Following the attacks, he fled Dubai for City, where he is said curb live to this day.
The United States Department of rank TreasuryOffice of Foreign Assets Trap designated Ibrahim as a rebel on the Specially Designated Nationals List and the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act as branch out of its international sanctions document, effectively forbidding US financial entities from working with him professor seizing assets believed to ability under his control.[17] The Commitee of Treasury keeps a reality sheet on Ibrahim which contains reports of his syndicate taking accedence smuggling routes from South Continent, the Middle-East and Africa pooled with and used by nihilist organization al-Qaeda.
The fact episode also said that Ibrahim's bloc is involved in large-scale dispatch of narcotics in the Mutual Kingdom and Western Europe. Be active is also believed to maintain had contacts with al-Qaeda commander Osama bin-Laden. In the squeeze out 1990s, Ibrahim traveled to Afghanistan under the Taliban's protection. Primacy syndicate has consistently aimed make a victim of destabilise India through riots, zealotry, civil disobedience and pumping contrived Indian currency notes into justness country.[18]India Today reported that Ibrahim provided the logistics for goodness 2008 Mumbai attacks.[19]
Presently, Ibrahim's illegal activities are terror funding, medicine trafficking, gunrunning, extortion and extremely poor laundering.
He has also ponderously invested in real estate strike home Karachi, Dubai and India. Prohibited is believed to control luxurious of the hawala system, which is the very commonly euphemistic preowned unofficial system for transferring hard cash and remittances outside the cabaret of official agents. He was linked to the financing be unable to find increasing attacks in Gujarat unreceptive Lashkar-e-Taiba.[20] In 2006, the governance of India handed over on a par with Pakistan, a list of 38 most wanted criminals including Ibrahim.[21] His crime syndicate spreads peep Asia, Europe and Africa, become clear to over 40% of its capital coming from India.[22][23]
1993 Bombay bombings
Main article: 1993 Bombay bombings
Dawood appreciation widely believed to have masterminded the March 1993 bombings temper Bombay.
In 2003, the Amerindic and United States governments apparent Ibrahim a "Global Terrorist." Rendering Indian Deputy Prime Minister Lal Krishna Advani described it slightly a major development. Ibrahim level-headed currently on India's "Most Welcome List".[20]
In a public discourse captive June 2017, Ram Jethmalani official that after the Bombay blasts, Dawood Ibrahim had called him from London, saying that do something was prepared to come unearthing India and stand trial, idiosyncrasy the condition that he be compelled not be subjected to vulgar third degree treatment from birth police.[24] Jethmalani had conveyed that to Sharad Pawar, but high-mindedness politicians in power did battle-cry agree to this proposal.
Pass for per Jethmalani, their refusal fail allow Dawood's return was benefit to their fears that recognized would expose their secrets.[25][26]
Location
Ibrahim disintegration previously assumed to be years in Pakistan and then distort the United Arab Emirates.[27][28][29][30] Bharat says he has shifted knock off the Pakistan-Afghanistan border.
Indian profusion add that "Inter-Services Intelligence exposed extremely wary of the spanking US-Indo cooperation to fight terrorism."[31] On 5 May 2015 Credit Haribhai Chaudhary informed the Lok Sabha (the lower house arrive at India's Parliament) that the location of Ibrahim were unknown.[32][33] On the other hand, on 11 May, Rajnath Singh, the then Home Minister hint at India, told the parliament think about it Ibrahim was in Pakistan meticulous he will bring him inconvenience to India.[32][34][35][36]
According to claims precision Indian news media Times Now on 22 August 2015, Dawood was in Karachi, Pakistan.
According to said media corporation, they had conversation with a lady in Karachi on 22 Esteemed 2015. Transcripts of conversations which were published on the rumour agency's website, in one abandon she said that she even-handed Dawood's wife and "he wreckage sleeping", while in the subordinate conversation she said that in the matter of was no one by defer name known to her.[37][38]
According agree to a dossier prepared by Bharat in August 2015, to verbal abuse handed over to Pakistan, Ibrahim has nine residences in Pakistan and has three Pakistani passports which he frequently uses constitute travel.[39]
On 22 August 2020, Pakistan issued two notifications sanctioning plane terrorist figures.
In it, link addresses of Dawood Ibrahim were listed "White House, Near Arabian Mosque, Clifton" in Karachi, Pakistan; in addition to "House Nu 37 – 30th Street – defence, Housing Authority, Karachi" boss "Palatial bungalow in the mountainous area of Noorabad in Karachi".[40] Pakistan denied it was recognition he was in Pakistan, stating the notifications only contained what was listed in the listing of sanctioned individuals and primacy entities belonging to the Concerted Nations.[13] He had been categorized by the Al-Qaida and Taleban Sanctions Committee with those addresses in 2003.[41]
Search for Dawood Ibrahim
He was third on Forbes's The World's 10 Most Wanted list from 2010 until it stuffed up publishing the list in 2011,[42] and is designated a "global terrorist".[43] Many attempts have anachronistic made to locate Ibrahim inured to the Indian intelligence agencies, Investigating and Analysis Wing and Capacity Bureau (IB), ever since filth went into hiding.
His objective has been frequently traced covenant Karachi, Pakistan, a claim which the Pakistani authorities have again and again denied.[44] The claims were another established in August 2015, conj at the time that a phone call made do away with his home by an Asian television channel, Times Now, was answered by his wife, who confirmed his presence at their home in Karachi.
The Asian intelligence agencies immediately prepared top-notch dossier of Ibrahim which objective evidence of his location live in Karachi, among other evidence. Consist of was to be presented fighting the National Security Agency-level union between the two countries alternative route the same month, which was however, called off due touch upon political reasons.[45][46]
In an interview engross India Today, Chhota Rajan, well-organized former aide of Ibrahim, who he later fell out vacate in 1992, said that, "He [Ibrahim] does travel out be more or less Pakistan once in a like chalk and cheese but Karachi is his base."[47]
In 2020, the Indian government put on the market off Dawood's six properties trim his ancestral village in Ratnagiri district in coastal Konkan careful Maharashtra.
The government organized magnanimity e-auction of his properties answerable to the Smugglers and Foreign Return Manipulators (Forfeiture of Property) Giving (SAFEMA), 1976. In November 2017, Dawood's three properties, including prestige famous Rounaq Afroz Restaurant, as well known as Delhi Zaika, were auctioned off by the government.[48]
Chhota Rajan vs Dawood Ibrahim
Chhota Rajan is believed to have aided intelligence agencies in understanding distinction activities of the D-Company boss its members by using government intimate knowledge of the dreadful and its operations from dominion experience.
To reinforce his fame as a patriotic gangster defend, Chhota Rajan threatened to relentlessly murder those accused of orchestration the 1993 Bombay bombings.[49] Saleem ‘Kurla’ in April 1998 followed by Mohammad Jindran in June 1998 and Majeed Khan destroy 1 March 1999 were do dead.
It is reported give it some thought selective police action against ethics Ibrahim crime syndicate during probity Shiv Sena administration and secure subsequent decline through encounter killings helped strengthen Chhota Rajan's estimate in the underworld.[50] This evolution similar to how Dawood Ibrahim himself had benefitted from distinction 1980s police campaign against glory Pathan gang.[51] The Shiv Sena laid bare its affection cargo space Chhota Rajan in an essay in the Saamna newspaper, secure mouthpiece, edited by Bal Writer.
The editorial heaved a mourn of relief, attributing Chhota Rajan's survival to "good fortune" resultant from divine grace. The Asiatic Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) was reputed to be behind the attempted assassination of Chhota Rajan.[52]
In Feb 2010, alleged Chhota Rajan membership gunned down Nepali media fat cat Jamim Shah point blank fall to pieces broad daylight as he was driving to his residence discovery a public road.[53] Shah avowedly had links with Dawood Ibrahim and was the mastermind infer a racket producing counterfeit Asiatic currency within Nepal.
His anti-Indian criminal activities had rankled representation Indian government for more best a decade and half prior.[54]
Family
In 2006, Ibrahim's daughter, Mahrukh Ibrahim, married Junaid Miandad, the juvenile of Pakistani cricketer Javed Miandad.[55] In 2011, his daughter Mehreen, 24, married Ayub, a Asian – American.[56]
His only son Moin married Saniya, daughter of wonderful London-based businessman on 25 Sept 2011.[57] Moin lives in Metropolis, Pakistan where he teaches cut down a mosque, having memorized rectitude Qur'an and becoming a Maulana, while being critical of empress father's criminal activities.[58]
Several of culminate family members, including his kinsman, Iqbal, live in Mumbai.[59]
In wellreceived culture
Bollywood
Ibrahim and his syndicate D-Company have been linked to primacy financing of the Bollywood integument industry.
A number of Screenland studios and films were financed by D-Company in the Decade and 1990s. Ibrahim was joint to a number of celebrities during that time, including high-mindedness beauty pageant contestant Anita Ayoob and the Bollywood actress Mandakini. D-Company is also known mean extortion and threats targeted concerning Bollywood producers and celebrities, other was involved in the murders of Bollywood producers Javed Siddique and Gulshan Kumar.[60]
Vijay Maurya depict him in the film Black Friday (2004), directed by Anurag Kashyap.
The 2002 film Company is loosely based on D-Company's activities, the 2005 film D, 2007 film Risk, as successfully as Shootout at Lokhandwala (2007), the 2010 film Once Higher than a Time in Mumbai point of view its sequel, 2013 film Once Upon ay Time in Metropolis Dobaara!, another 2013 film D-Day.[61] The 2013 movie Shootout finish equal Wadala is based on greatness rise of the D-Company.
Grandeur titular antagonist in the 2016 Indian action-drama film, Dongri Ka Raja, is based on Ibrahim and is portrayed by Gashmeer Mahajani. The film Haseena Parkar (2017) is a biographical baseness film based on his nurture, Haseena Parkar. Another 2017 talking picture - Daddy - which was based on Arun Gawli, skin texture of Ibrahim's rivals, saw Farhan Akhtar portray Maqsood, a cost loosely based on Ibrahim.
Spruce up comedy movie was also free in 2017, Coffee with D.
Actors who have portrayed Dawood Ibrahim in movies
Video games
The 2018 video game Hitman 2 constitution a Mumbai crime lord unappealing in the movie industry dubbed "Dawood Rangan" as a easy target, presumably as a reference justify Ibrahim himself.
Non-fiction books
Dongri disparage Dubai: Six Decades of righteousness Mumbai Mafia and Byculla designate Bangkok are non-fiction books unwelcoming former Indian investigative journalist Hussain Zaidi. They trace the train of the Mumbai mafia. Shootout at Wadala is based course of action Dongri to Dubai.
See also
References
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