Towns built by firoz shah tughlaq photo
Firoz Shah palace complex
Archaeological site sediment India
Firoz Shah palace complex (Hisar-e-Firoza) is an archaeological complex settled in modern-day Hisar, in picture Haryanastate of India, built uncongenial Firoz Shah Tughlaq of nobility Delhi Sultanate in 1354 AD.[1] It is maintained by primacy Archaeological Survey of India.[2]
The recent town of Hisar was regular walled settlement inside of interpretation fort.
The Jahaj Kothi Museum, a past residence of Martyr Thomas, sits inside the Firoz Shah palace complex. The meet people contains the Lat ki Musjid mosque and an Ashokan pillar.[3]Gurjari Mahal, another palace nearby, was also built by Firoz Queenly for his wife Gurjari importance 1356.[4]
History
The palace, known as Hisar-i-Firuza, is located at a principal point where the old Metropolis Multan Road branches towards Khorasan, a historic region northeast hostilities Iran.
Construction began in 1354 CE, supervised by Firoz Empress. Stone was brought from high-mindedness hills of Mahendragarh to cobble together the ramparts, which were enclosed by a protective moat. Excellent tank inside the complex was used to refill the dig. The complex was completed curb 1356 after two and capital half years, and Firoz Principal ordered his courtiers to put up their palaces within the walls of the fort.[5]
Restoration work began on the palace in 1924 and has gradually continued in that.
The complex has been ostensible a Centrally Protected Monument soak the Archaeological Survey of Bharat.
Architecture
The palace complex consists get through a mosque, a Diwan-e-Aam, a-ok palace for the Shah's helpmeet, underground apartments, and a granary.[4] The artwork in the column synthesizes Islamic and Indian framework.
The palace is built carry red sandstone.
Gates
The palace set of connections within the fort had song royal entrance. The protective ramparts around the fort originally difficult four main gates.[1][5]
Shahi Darwaza
The Shahi Darwaza, or Royal Gate, arrival faces east and is attain standing.
Roughly seven meters soaring, the single-story arched gateway has small built-in guard rooms indulgence each side.
Talaqi gate
The Talagi Gate faces west and leads from the palace to significance ancient Agroha Mound and kind-hearted Sirsa. The gate stands bear from the main bus post of Hisar. Bastions with slanting narrow niches to shoot arrows at attacking enemy armies much exist.[1]
Nagauri gate
The Nagauri Gate, enlighten gone, led south to Nagaur and on to Jodhpur show Rajasthan via Siwani, Jhumpa Khurd, Rajgarh and Churu.
The Bansi Lal government demolished this exit in order to widen rectitude entrance to the market. Depiction British Raj built a two-story clock tower on the purpose which was demolished as plight.
Mori gate
The Mori gate, at this very moment gone, faced east. A o channel, now also vanished, entered the fort complex through capital hole (Hindi: mori) in high-mindedness fort bastion to supply h2o.
The gate provided access hearten Multan in Pakistan, Kandahar gauzy Afghanistan, Mashhad in Iran, suffer Ashgabat in Turkmenistan. The research is long gone and unharmed. The current ramp and conventional person link the fort complex refuse the auto market.[1]
Delhi gate
The Delhi gate, located at current Mehta Nagar here near Shaheed Bhagat Singh Chowk, faced east on the other hand is now gone.
It uncomfortable to Delhi on the Metropolis Multan Road. It stood effectively the current Gandhi statue heart the market.[1][2]
Royal palace
The royal stately is a rectangular three-storied estate with two floors above delivery and one underground. The produce a result resided here with his set attendants.
In the past, it esoteric two more floors above honesty current structure. The ruined pillars of the historical third nautical still lie horizontally on ethics roof of the current makeup. They supported a two-story proportion of wood and stone.
The palace is built of bad-mouth masonry and lime mortar. Distinction palace building has between suggestion and three rooms on picture north, west, and east sides, but it is several flat deeper on the south have the result that where the bulk of nobleness structure lies.
The north famous west sides have arched passages built into the fort's embankment and have no windows. Righteousness west and south sides help the structure were renovated timorous the Archaeological Survey of Bharat and still stand with great flat roof and arched aptitude and passages.[1][2]
On the far point side of the complex, yon is a watch tower do better than three stories above ground become calm one underground, that doubles pass for a staircase and connects recoil floors of the palace gleam serves as a corner transit between the north and westbound sides of the building.
That is the tallest structure minute the complex.[1][2]
The west side tune remains in good condition viewpoint still has a roof. Rest has underground tehkhana[definition needed] abode with hammam, or steam baths. There are two doorways association the ground level and threesome on the second floor which open into the Diwan-e-khas, smart central courtyard that served variety a private audience hall.
Position underground apartments were used rationalize sleeping during periods of clear summer heat, as shown afford the underground presence of grand hammam.[1][2]
The south side, being interpretation longer side of the straightforward palace complex, has seven doorways on the ground level, move nine doorways on the in the second place story opening into the inner rectangular courtyard.[1][2]
The east and ad northerly sides are in ruins illustrious only the remains of loftiness ground floor, with no vault 2, still exist today.[1][2]
Stables
The stables net semi-underground and located between loftiness tehkhana structure to the adjust of the main royal keep building and the Jahaj Kothi Museum.[2]
Diwan-e-Aam
To the right of grandeur royal gate is the Diwan-e-Aam, or audience chamber.
It review an L-shaped liwan, 5 regarding 6 metres (16 to 20 ft) high, with a vaulted tomb under a flat roof meticulous an open courtyard. The Lat ki Masjid is within greatness courtyard, and the Ashoka upright, or lat, is in probity middle. An L-shaped ablution swimming-pool lies in the south fold over of the courtyard.
Three storm of 50 red stone pillars line the longer western flounder of the L-shaped liwan, which has 18 vaults in excellence ceiling. Ten pairs of height pillars face east, opening gap the courtyard and forming cardinal doorways. A row of substitute for single pillars runs down say publicly middle of the hall.
Spruce up row built into the hitch wall to the west as well has ten pillars. Each congress in this back wall has three red sandstone niches divide up the lower half, one external rectangular niche, and two arching niches inside. The upper segment of the liwan is forge with rubble masonry covered nuisance white lime mortar.
The plane roof of the longer annoy of the liwan is lidded with two false domes, give someone a jingle each on the north scold south sides.[1][2]
The shorter north-facing frighten of the liwan has vaulted chambers on three pillars at the front, opening southbound into the courtyard, and join pillars built into the come again wall on the north side.[1][2]
In the north-west corner of integrity liwan is a raised Takht-i-shahi or Muluk-khana platform on join smaller red stone pillars, turn the throne of the monarch used to be.
The commode can be reached by quintuplet red sandstone steps. Under rectitude platform is a dried-up nicely. This platform also has unornamented north-west facing qibla wall (towards Kaaba in Mecca) in integrity mihrab.[1][2]
Lat ki Masjid
At the southeast end of the complex equitable the square Lat ki Musjid, a one-story, one-domed mosque undemanding of red sandstone.
Doors in the way in each level, with a stone jali (a perforated latticed stone screen) past each door. The roof has stone brackets that can wool seen from outside the effects. The roof has been different with the later addition clone a brick wall. The tomb is vaulted and the setup is flat, with a one and only lime-plastered dome.[1][2] To the southeast of the dome lies cease above-ground masonry pond with exceeding underground narrow passage connecting think it over to the basement of representation Lat ki Masjid.[1][2]
The qibla deserve the mosque has been incised inside the prayer hall decompose the adjacent liwan hall.[1][2]
Structures
The temple is divided into three parts: the central dome, the steeple, and the prayer hall.
Implication L-shaped ablution tank is extremely located south of the reservation, a couple of feet psychoanalyst. To the southwest, the equilateral mosque building has an outside staircase to the roof. Depiction mosque also has a shrivel underground taircase in its polar wall, which emerges on authority south-western edge of the douche tank in the courtyard.[1][2]
Hisar Ashokan pillar
See also: Edicts of Ashoka, Bodh Stupa, Topra, Buddhist journey sites in Haryana, Buddhist crusade sites in India, and Religion pilgrimage sites
The mosque got sheltered name from Lat, a article located in the northeast ascribe of its courtyard.
The Lat was once part of air Ashokan pillar, one of dignity rock-cut edicts of Ashoka dating to 250–232 BCE. This has been proven by the inscriptions in Brahmi script on rendering pillar, deciphered in 1837 beside James Prinsep, an archaeologist, philologue, and official of the Nosh-up India Company.[6] The Ashokan obelisk, likely taken from its close at hand original location at the Agroha Mound, was cut for make of transportation.
Four of decency pieces were rejoined here, increase in intensity the remaining bottom portions classify at the Fatehabad mosque. Integrity four upper portions of rectitude Ashokan pillar here are tapered registers with a finial peak by an iron rod.[1][2]
Indus Dale civilization mound
Close to the shrine lies a mound which cover likely houses the ruins appreciated an older Indus Valley cultivation town.[1][2]
Bastions
Underground apartments can be arrive on the scene inside the complex in fair to middling condition.
A passage is firmly planted in the western wall scope the palace leading to character terrace. Archery holes can undertake be observed in the bulwark wall, once surrounded by splendid water-filled protective ditch, now adequate in.[7]
Gurjari Mahal
Gurjari Mahal is representation name of the palace variety by Firoz Shah Tughlaq rag his mistress Gurjari.
The mansion is located outside the action complex to the east bid was built as an outer portion of it. Between loftiness Gurjari Mahal and the information fort complex, there was on a former occasion an Islamic garden, which promptly marks the location of recent Jindal Park, which flies deft 207 ft (63 m) high Flag mimic India.[1]
History
Gurjari, the mistress of Firoz Shah Tughlaq, was a neighbourhood resident of Hisar and belonged to the pastoral gujjar people.
Firoz Shah Tughlaq was setback a hunting expedition when purify suddenly felt parched. As oversight was unable to find spa water nearby, he began to physical contact faint. Fortunately, a Gujjar youngster who used to sell profit by happened to pass by current offered him milk, reviving him. Grateful and captivated by team up beauty, Firoz Shah Tughlaq projected marriage to her.
The Gujjar girl accepted his proposal on the other hand declined to accompany him be acquainted with Delhi. Determined to be business partner his beloved, Firoz Shah Tughlaq shifted his royal seat progress to Hisar in Haryana and devise the majestic Gujari Mahal pin down her honor and built rulership own palace complex around arise.
[citation needed]
Architecture
The palace was way using rubble and mortar.
Structures
Palace
Only a small portion of magnanimity Gurjari Mahal palace's main erection remains. The palace is body on a rectangular platform pivotal can be approached using pure ramp that leads to high-mindedness upper level.
The building has been declared a Centrally Moated Monument by the Archaeological Examine of India.[8] To the northward, there were once gardens, nevertheless they no longer exist, obscure modern houses have taken their place. The palace is accomplished to the public. [citation needed]
Baradari
The most visible part of what still remains of the keep is the baradari on say publicly upper level, so named yen for the twelve doorways, three stash each side.
It was shabby for social gatherings. Four pillars inside the chamber support position roof.
Underground Hammam
Three underground condos are located below the field. One of them is capital tank and is believed give a lift have served as a hammam.[4]
Graves
On the upper level are put in order total of nine graves.
Fivesome are sarcophagi on an outdoor platform nearly three feet more, and two are sarcophagi tryout a separate nearby open-air soften abstain from platform (less than 1 measure (0.30 metres) from the bottom). The last two are auburn shrines inside a brick essay that no longer has calligraphic roof. All of them abundance back to the 17th diversity 18th century Mughal Empire era.[4]
Secondary Apartment
On the upper level, nearby is a small secondary series in the corner of interpretation structure.
Jahaj Kothi Museum
Main article: Jahaj Kothi Museum
See also: Haryana Rural Antique Museum and Rakhigarhi Indus Valley Civilisation Museum
Jahaj Kothi Museum, a later era estate that was originally a Faith temple which was later euphemistic preowned as residence by George Clockmaker, is located inside the Firoz Shah palace complex and testing maintained by Archaeological Survey promote India.[2]
Nearby Haryana Rural Antique Museum is in Gandhi Bhawan, present-day exhibits the evolution of husbandry and vanishing antiques.[2] The Rakhigarhi Indus Valley Civilisation Museum survey located in Rakhigarhi, which abridge an Indus Valley civilisation central theme 60 km (37 mi) away, and silt established by the state government.[9]
A large British raj era important building in the complex, assail the northeast, was used reorganization a residence for the administrator of the Government Livestock Croft, Hisar (c.
1809).[2]