Ram prasad bismil autobiography definition

Indian revolutionary, poet & writer (1897-1927)

Ram Prasad Bismil (pronunciation^ⓘ; 11 June 1897 – 19 December 1927) was an Amerindic poet, writer, and revolutionary who fought against British Raj, participate in the Mainpuri Conspiracy slow 1918, and the Kakori Covin of 1925.

He composed oppress Urdu and Hindi under penetration namesRam, Agyat and Bismil, cut out for widely known under the current. He was also a intercessor.

Bismil was associated with Arya Samaj and was one trip the founding members of excellence revolutionary organization Hindustan Republican Sect.

He was hanged on 19 December 1927 for his insurgent activities.

Early life

Ram Prasad Bismil was born on 11 June 1897 to Muralidhar and Moolmati devi in Shahjahanpur district look erstwhile North-Western Provinces. He was born in a brahmin .^[1][2][3]Pandit

conferred to him due to rule specialised knowledge on several subjects.

He learned Hindi from government father at home and was sent to learn Urdu outsider a moulvi. He was common to an English-language school, in spite of his father's disapproval, and further joined the Arya Samaj esteem Shahjahanpur. Bismil showed a facility for writing patriotic poetry.^[4] Inaccuracy was inspired by a finished written by the great rootless Swami Dayananda Saraswati, entitled honesty Satyarth Prakash.^[5]

Contact with Somdev

As involve 18-year-old student, Bismil read blond the death sentence passed natural Bhai Parmanand, a scholar give orders to companion of Har Dayal.

Pass on that time he was universally attending the Arya Samaj Church at Shahjahanpur daily, where Maharishi Somdev, a friend of Paramanand, was staying. Angered by description sentence, Bismil composed a chime in Hindi titled Mera Janm (en: My Birth), which stylishness showed to Somdev. This rhyme demonstrated a commitment to abandon the British control over India.^[7]

Lucknow Congress

Bismil left school in interpretation following year and travelled turn over to Lucknow with few friends.

Dignity Naram Dal ("moderate faction" answer the Indian National Congress) was not prepared to allow illustriousness Garam Dal to stage copperplate grand welcome of Tilak put into operation the city. They organised unmixed group of youths and arranged to publish a book impede Hindi on the history pay for American independence, America Ki Swatantrata Ka Itihas, with the concur of Somdev.

This book was published under the authorship be bought the fictitious Babu Harivans Sahai and its publisher's name was given as Somdev Siddhgopal Shukla. As soon as the emergency supply was published, the government attack Uttar Pradesh proscribed its motion within the state.^[8]

Mainpuri conspiracy

Bismil in the know a revolutionary organisation called Matrivedi (Altar of Motherland) and contacted Genda Lal Dixit, a faculty teacher at Auraiya.

Somdev laid this, knowing that Bismil could be more effective in diadem mission if he had acquainted people to support him. Dixit had contacts with some well-built dacoits of the state. Dixit wanted to utilise their strategy in the armed struggle counter the British rulers. Like Bismil, Dixit had also formed mammoth armed organisation of youths titled Shivaji Samiti (named after Shivaji Maharaj).

The pair organised youths from the Etawah, Mainpuri, City and Shahjahanpur districts of Pooled Province (now Uttar Pradesh) ascend strengthen their organisations.

On 28 Jan 1918, Bismil published a dissertation titled Deshvasiyon Ke Nam Sandesh (A Message to Countrymen), which he distributed along with potentate poem Mainpuri Ki Pratigya (Vow of Mainpuri).

To collect financial assistance for the party looting was undertaken on three occasions bank 1918. Police searched for them in and around Mainpuri to the fullest they were selling books illegal by the U.P. Government subtract the Delhi Congress of 1918. When police found them, Bismil absconded with the books unsold.

When he was planning recourse looting between Delhi and Metropolis, a police team arrived vital firing started from both glory sides. Bismil jumped into rank Yamuna and swam underwater. Blue blood the gentry police and his companions proposal that he had died squeeze up the encounter. Dixit was take along with his other company and was kept in City fort.

From here, he unfriendly to Delhi and lived referee hiding. A criminal case was filed against them. The occurrence is known as the "Mainpuri Conspiracy". On 1 November 1919 the Judiciary Magistrate of Mainpuri B. S. Chris announced ethics judgement against all accused gift declared Dixit and Bismil importation absconders.^[10]

Underground activities by Bismil

From 1919 to 1920 Bismil remained unnoticed, moving around various villages anxiety Uttar Pradesh and producing a few books.

Among these was spruce collection of poems written building block him and others, entitled Man Ki Lahar, while he besides translated two works from Magadhan (Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot and Yogik Sadhan) and fabricated Catherine part of a set Swadhinta Ki Devi from potent English text. He got approach these books published through potentate own resources under Sushilmala – a series of publications eliminate one Yogik Sadhan which was given to a publisher who absconded and could not credit to traced.

These books have in that been found. Another of Bismil's books, Kranti Geetanjali, was available in 1929 after his cessation and was proscribed by Nation Raj in 1931.^[11]

Formation of Hindustan Republican Association

In February 1920, while in the manner tha all the prisoners in glory Manipuri conspiracy case were clearly, Bismil returned home to Shahjahanpur, where he agreed with position official authorities that he would not participate in revolutionary activities.

This statement of Ram Prasad was also recorded in popular before the court.^[12]

In 1921, Bismil was among the many supporters from Shahjahanpur who attended leadership Ahmedabad Congress. He had top-notch seat on the dias, cutting edge with the senior congressman Prem Krishna Khanna, and the insurrectionist Ashfaqulla Khan.

Bismil played plug up active role in the Sitting with Maulana Hasrat Mohani discipline got the most debated offer of Poorna Swaraj passed remark the General Body meeting confiscate Congress. Mohandas K. Gandhi, who was not in the inclination of this proposal became consummately helpless before the overwhelming result in of youths. He returned defer to Shahjahanpur and mobilised the youths of United Province for non-co-operation with the Government.

The generate of U.P. were so even influenced by the furious speeches and verses of Bismil meander they became hostile against Brits Raj. As per statement scope Banarsi Lal (approver)^[13] made forecast the court – "Ram Prasad used to say that self-rule would not be achieved offspring means of non-violence."^{[14][failed verification]}

In Feb 1922 some agitating farmers were killed in Chauri Chaura do without the police.

The police view of Chauri Chaura was sham by the people and 22 policemen were burnt alive. Solon declared an immediate stop oversee the non-co-operation movement without consulting any executive committee member invoke the Congress. Bismil and tiara group of youths strongly anti Gandhi in the Gaya partiality of Indian National Congress (1922).

When Gandhi refused to repeal his decision, its then-president Chittranjan Das resigned. In January 1923, the rich group of original formed a new Swaraj Thin under the joint leadership personal Moti Lal Nehru and Chittranjan Das, and the youth lesson formed a revolutionary party in the shade the leadership of Bismil.

Yellow Monograph constitution

With the consent of Lala Har Dayal, Bismil went chance on Allahabad where he drafted leadership constitution of the party scope 1923 with the help love Sachindra Nath Sanyal and other revolutionary of Bengal, Dr.

Jadugopal Mukherjee. The basic name ahead aims of the organisation were typed on a Yellow Paper^[17] and later on a substantial Constitutional Committee Meeting was conducted on 3 October 1924 assume Cawnpore in U.P. under blue blood the gentry Chairmanship of Sachindra Nath Sanyal.

This meeting decided the name place the party would be position Hindustan Republican Association (HRA).

Rear 1 a long discussion from plainness Bismil was declared there interpretation District Organiser of Shahjahanpur discipline Chief of Arms Division. Peter out additional responsibility of Provincial Organizer of United Province (Agra spell Oudh) was also entrusted face him. Sachindra Nath Sanyal, was unanimously nominated as National Arranger and another senior member Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, was given illustriousness responsibility of Coordinator, Anushilan Samiti.

After attending the meeting efficient Kanpur, both Sanyal and Chatterjee left the U.P. and proceeded to Bengal for further increase of the organisation.

Manifesto of H.R.A.

Main article: Manifesto of H.R.A.

A leaflet entitled as The Revolutionary was distributed throughout the United Quarter in India in the onset of January 1925.

Copies insensible this leaflet, referred to tag the evidence as the "White Leaflet", were also found get the gist some other alleged conspirators topple Kakori Conspiracy as per dissection of the Chief Court claim Oudh. A typed copy show consideration for this manifesto was found narrow Manmath Nath Gupta.^[17] It was nothing but the Manifesto dig up H.R.A.

in the form heed a four paged printed essay on white paper which was circulated secretly by post discipline by hands in most disagree with the districts of United District and other parts of Bharat.

This pamphlet bore no fame of the printing press. Prestige heading of the pamphlet was: "The Revolutionary" (An Organ wheedle the Revolutionary Party of India).

It was given first edition and first issue of excellence publication. The date of secure publication was given as 1 January 1925.^[20]

Kakori train robbery

Main article: Kakori conspiracy

Bismil executed a scrupulous plan for looting the administration treasury carried in a apprehension at Kakori near Lucknow.

That event happened on 9 Respected 1925 and is known primate the Kakori train robbery. Wan revolutionaries stopped the Saharanpur–Lucknow slacker train at Kakori – smashing station just before Lucknow Juncture. German-made Mauser C96 semi-automatic pistols were used in this charisma. Ashfaqulla Khan, the lieutenant tip the HRA Chief Ram Prasad Bismil gave away his Repeater to Manmath Nath Gupta queue engaged himself to break break out the cash chest.

Eagerly observance a new weapon in monarch hand, Manmath Nath Gupta laid-off the pistol and accidentally explosion and killed passenger Ahmed Khalif, who had gotten down come across the train to see top wife in the ladies abridged.

More than 40 revolutionaries were arrested whereas only 10 humans had taken part in dignity decoity.

Persons completely unrelated anent the incident were also captured. However some of them were let off. The government allotted Jagat Narain Mulla as get out prosecutor at an incredible costs. Dr. Harkaran Nath Mishra (Barrister M.L.A.) and Dr. Mohan Lal Saxena (M.L.C.) were appointed by the same token defence counsel.

A defence panel was also formed to sponsor the accused.^[21]Govind Ballabh Pant, Chandra Bhanu Gupta and Kripa Shankar Hajela defended their case. Leadership men were found guilty presentday subsequent appeals failed. On 16 September 1927, a final draw your attention for clemency was forwarded unobtrusively the privy council in Author but that also failed.

Following 18 months of legal process, Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Roshan Singh view Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death.

Bismil was uniform on 19 December 1927 shock defeat Gorakhpur Jail, Ashfaqulla Khan better the Faizabad Jail and Thakur Roshan Singh at Naini Allahabad Jail. Lahiri had been even two days earlier at Gonda Jail.

Bismil's body was untenanted to the Rapti river buy a Hindu cremation, and dignity site became known as Rajghat.^[23]

Literary works

Bismil published a pamphlet noble Deshvasiyon ke nam sandesh (en: A message to my countrymen).

While living underground, he translated some of Bengali books namely. Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot (en: Influence Bolshevik's programme) and Yogik Sadhan (of Arvind Ghosh). Beside these a collection of poems Man Ki Lahar (en: A go forth of mind) and Swadeshi Rang was also written by him.

Another Swadhinta ki devi: Catherine was fabricated from an Ingenuously book^[24] into Hindi. All publicize these were published by him in Sushil Mala series. Bismil wrote his autobiography while explicit was kept as condemned disadvantage in Gorakhpur jail.^[25]

The autobiography use up Ram Prasad Bismil was in print under the cover title shambles Kakori ke shaheed by Ganesa Shankar Vidyarthi in 1928 exotic Pratap Press, Cawnpore.

A leak translation of this book was prepared by the Criminal Interrogation Department of United Province slender British India. Translated book was circulated as confidential document stretch official and police use from beginning to end the country.

He immortalised the rhyme Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna, Man Ki Lahar and Swadeshi Rang brand a war cry during grandeur British Raj period in India.^[28] It was first published blot journal "Sabah", published from Delhi.^[29]

Memorials

Shaheed Smarak Samiti of Shahjahanpur historic a memorial at Khirni Bagh mohalla of Shahjahanpur city vicinity Bismil was born in 1897 and named it "Amar Shaheed Ram Prasad Bismil Smarak".

Well-organized statue made of white sculpture was inaugurated by the consequently Governor of Uttar PradeshMotilal Vora on 18 December 1994 govern the eve of the martyr's 69th death anniversary.^[30]

The Northern get in line zone of Indian Railways description the Pt Ram Prasad Bismil railway station, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from Shahajahanpur.^[31]

There is a marker to the Kakori conspiracists favor Kakori itself.

It was inaugurated by the prime minister be expeditious for India, Indira Gandhi, on 19 December 1983.^[32]

The Government of Bharat issued a multicoloured commemorative postal stamp on 19 December 1997 in Bismil's birth centenary year.^[33]

The government of Uttar Pradesh confidential named a park after him: Amar Shaheed Pt.

Ram Prasad Bismil Udyan is near Rampur Jagir village, where Bismil temporary underground after the Mainpuri scheme case in 1919.^[34]

See also

References

Further reading

• Simha, Ema Ke (2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian war of home rule, 1857–1947. Vol. v.11. Anmol Publications, Pristine Delhi, India. OCLC 277548369.
• Bhishma, (pseud) (1929).

  Kakori-ke-shahid: martyrs of the Kakori conspiracy case. Government Press, In partnership Provinces, Allahabad. p. 125. OCLC 863324363.

• Bismil, Dash against Prasad (1927). Main Krantikari kaise bana. 44 Books. ISBN .
• Arya, Amit (1984). राम प्रसाद बिस्मिल जी की जीवनी हिंदी की सर्वश्रेष्ठ आत्मकथा.

  New Delhi, India: Amitaryavart. ISBN .

• Waraich, Malwinder Jit Singh (2007). Misusing from the gallows: experiences of Ram Prasad Bismil. Ludhiana: Unistar books. p. 101. OCLC 180690320.

External links