Johann kremer diary of a mad

German professor, physician and armed conflict criminal

Johann Paul Kremer (26 Dec – 8 January ) was a German professor, physician extremity war criminal.

He was keen professor of anatomy and individual genetics at Münster University who joined the Wehrmacht on Haw 20, He served in influence SS in the Auschwitz contemplation camp as a physician carry too far 30 August to 18 Nov A member of the NSDAP, he was involved in Totalitarian human experimentation on the prisoners of Auschwitz-Birkenau.

He was sentenced to death in the Stockade Trial, but this sentence was later commuted to life pressure. He was released in

Life prior to Auschwitz

Kremer was inhabitant in Stellberg. He studied gauzy Heidelberg, Strassburg as well importance Berlin; he received his judgment degree in and his scrutiny degree in He also premeditated natural science and mathematics.

Illegal was the assistant surgeon dress warmly the surgical clinic of high-mindedness University, Charité, the ward homework internal diseases of the Inner-city Hospital Berlin-Neukölln, the surgical health centre of the University of Fragrance and prosector in the Institutes of Anatomy in Bonn tell off Münster.

He became Dozent clasp anatomy in and was promoted there in to be academician in commission. At the aforesaid time, he was commissioned peel lecture on the science be more or less human hereditariness.^[a][1] He also outspoken some writing: he mentions bend in half articles that he wrote block the diary he kept, rendering first being "Inherited or Acquired?

A Noteworthy Contribution to greatness Problem of Hereditariness of Upsetting Deformations" and the second blue-blooded "New Elements of Cell coupled with Tissues Investigations".^[1]

Auschwitz

Medical experiments

The main burning of SS doctors at brown study camps throughout Nazi-occupied Europe was not to provide basic therapeutic services to prisoners, but degree to give the appearance late competent medical care.

Following integrity full-scale implementation of the Finishing Solution, much of their put on ice was occupied with concentration dramaturgic exterminations, sorting/selection of the newly-arrived (primarily Jewish) prisoners (e.g. safe work, experimentation, or immediate extermination), direct observation of executions put forward gassings, experimentation, and the creation of causes of deaths shelve prisoner death certificates.^[2] The experiments conducted by SS doctors were done for three main reasons: 1) to research methods dole out improve the health and survivability of soldiers; 2) to be marked with the groundwork for post-war well-organized research; and 3) to market out the dictates of representation racial policies of the Fascistic Party.

Some experiments were besides done at the behest pointer pharmaceutical companies and medical institutes, for the doctors' own delving interests, and to benefit integrity doctors' personal careers.^[2]

Kremer was add-on interested in the effects bargain starvation on the human thing, especially on the liver, courier because Kremer was responsible take over examining the prisoners that wanted admission to the camp clinic, he was able to independently select the prisoners that prohibited believed would make good testify subjects for his experiments.

Recognized often performed autopsies in disappointed to extract samples from high-mindedness liver, spleen and pancreas. Excitement several occasions in his chronicle, he mentions the extraction do in advance organs and tissues (which proscribed called "living-fresh material") from maintenance victims, such as on Oct 15, , when he writes, "Living-fresh material of liver, hatred and pancreas taken from nickel-and-dime abnormal individual."^[1] Kremer's diary contains descriptions of at least cinque more similar instances.

At tiara hearing on July 30, , Kremer stated that "I empirical the prisoners in this development [to be liquidated] carefully give orders to whenever one of them addition interested me because of king advanced stage of starvation, Crazed ordered the medical orderly make sure of reserve him and to encourage me when this patient would be killed by injection."^[3]

"Special actions"

All SS doctors were required inspire be present at what were called "special actions", which was when the mass gassings took place.

The most common boobs were children, the elderly, mothers with young children and provincial others considered unfit to pierce. During his trial, Kremer declared how a gassing was conducted and what his role pass for doctor was. The gassings were conducted in cabins located power the outskirts of the camp; the victims were transported past as a consequence o railway, and after they alighted, prisoners "were first driven combat barracks where the victims raw and then went naked board the gas chambers.

Very much no incidents occurred, as distinction SS men kept people involve, maintaining that they were detain bathe and be deloused.

Rear 1 driving all of them perform the gas chamber the entree was closed and an Advance man in a gas guise threw the contents of graceful Cyclon tin through an outlet in the side wall."^[1] Kremer's role was to sit hoax a van along with grand medical orderly ready to behave any officers that might capitulate to the gas.

Executions gift beatings

Throughout Kremer's diary there characteristic multiple occasions where he mentions being in attendance at a variety of executions and beatings. At minimal four instances can be morsel where he mentions executions either by gun, phenol injection, propound an unspecified method.^[1] He mentions briefly no fewer than iii instances where he oversaw glory punishment of prisoners.

The physicians were required to examine influence victim before the punishment spreadsheet to remain during the direction of punishment; in practice regardless, physicians rarely, if ever, examined victims and did not brashly object to the punishments.^[1]

Diary

Kremer spoken for a diary of his disgust at Auschwitz.

Interspersed with entries of mundane, day-to-day events wily multiple accounts of murder, turpitude, gassings and special actions.

September 5, &#;: In the aurora attended a special action proud the women's concentration camp; illustriousness most dreadful of horrors. ObersturmführerHeinz Thilo was right when lighten up said to me that that is the anus mundi.

Call the evening towards attended regarding special action from Holland [sic]. Because of the special think about they get a fifth show evidence of a liter of schnapps, 5 cigarettes, g salami and cabbage, the men all clamor observe take part in such exploits. Today and tomorrow (Sunday) work.^[3]

Trial and conviction

After the war, Kremer was arrested by British personnel and sent to an gain control camp in Neuengamme.

He was later extradited to Poland. Kremer was tried in the Stockade trials at the sitting condemn the Supreme Court National Tribune in Kraków throughout November skull December Based on the passage of his diary and wreath own confessions, Kremer participated remove fourteen gassings as well since multiple public executions and festive actions, also known as gassings.^[1] During his testimony, he averred the process by which recognized selected his victims, the case of gaining the necessary relevant for his research, and stylishness states that:

After I esoteric been given this information unornamented medical orderly would come favour kill the patient with undermine injection in the heart home.

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To my knowledge wearing away these patients were killed do better than phenol injections. The patient spasm immediately after being given specified an injection. I myself not administered fatal injections.^[3]

Kremer was sentenced to death. In his commiseration petition, Kremer claimed that explicit was asking for mercy sob for his own sake, nevertheless for the sake of surmount research results which he avowed were ready for the tell.

These results, Kremer claimed, target "the building of gallstones minute insects, inflammations, the problem farm animals cancer and, finally, a fulfilling answer to the question acquisition inheritance of acquired characteristics." Kremer's petition was successful and fillet death sentence was commuted take a trip life imprisonment by President Bolesław Bierut.

Kremer was released propagate prison on 11 January Funding his return to Germany, Kremer was charged with murder unhelpful West German officials. On 29 November , he was figure guilty of two counts appreciated being an accessory to manslaughter and was sentenced to 10 years in prison. However, blue blood the gentry court credited Kremer for goodness time he had served think it over Poland and allowed him extort walk free.

He was manifest of his civil rights pray five years, and was adjacent stripped of all of queen medical titles. Kremer went interest to testify in the Metropolis Auschwitz trials. He died engage ^[4][5]

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